NCERT Solutions Class 10 Political Science Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity Question Answers

 

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Political Science Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity

 

Democracy and Diversity Important Question Answers – Given in this post is NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity Important Question Answers. The important questions we have compiled will help the students to brush up on their knowledge about the subject. Students can practice Class 10 Political Science important questions to understand the subject better and improve their performance in the board exam. The NCERT solutions provided here will also give students an idea about how to write the answers.

 

Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark each) 

 

1. Where were the 1968 Olympics held?

1. Tokyo 
2. New Delhi 
3. Shanghai
4. Mexico City 

Answer- D. Mexico City 

 

2. The Civil Rights Movement in the USA was concerned with ________ 

1. Racism 
2. Casteism 
3. Sexism 
4. Classism 

Answer- A. Racism 

 

3. Civil Rights Movement in the USA was led by ___________

1. Mahatma Gandhi 
2. Martin Luther King Jr
3. Nelson Mandela 
4. Pablo Neruda 

Answer – B. Martin Luther King Jr

 

4. Which of the following are the terms used to refer to the descendants of the African slaves brought to America 

1. African – American 
2. Afro- American  
3. Black
4. All of the above 

Answer – D. All of the above 

 

5. The US’s Civil Rights Movement was __________

1. Non violent 
2. Violent 
3. Militant 
4. None of the above 

Answer- A. Non- violent 

 

6. Choose the name(s) of the African- American athletes who won medals in 1968 Olympics.

1. Tommie Smith 
2. Jim Carlos 
3. Peter Norman 
4. Both A. and B.

Answer- D. Both A. and B.

 

7. The black-gloved and raised clenched fists were meant to symbolise __________

1. Civil Rights 
2. Racial Discrimination
3. Black Power
4. Women’s Rights

Answer- C. Black power 

 

8. When did the Black Power movement emerge?

1. 1954
2. 1968
3. 1966
4. 1975

Answer- C. 1966

 

9. Who was the white Australian athlete to wear human rights badge to support his Afro-American counterparts?

1. Shane could 
2. Jason day 
3. Peter Norman 
4. Tommie smith 

Answer- C. Peter Norman 

 

10. Why did The International Olympic Association hold Carlos and Smith guilty?

1. Because they made a political statement
2. Because they raised an unnecessary issue
3. Because they demanded international attention 
4. Because they promoted violent movement 

Answer – A. Because they made a political statement

 

11. In 2005, which university installed a sculpture to honour Tommie Smith and John Carlos?

1. Orion state university 
2. San Jose State University 
3. University of California 
4. None of the above

Answer- B. San Jose State University 

 

12. How does social diversity take form in societies?

1. As linguistic and religious differences 
2. As regional and social divisions 
3. As racial and caste divisions 
4. All of the above 

Answer – D. All of the above 

 

13.  How many bases to social differences exist?

1. 2
2. 4
3. 1
4. Uncountable 

Answer- A. 2 

 

14. Social differences are based on __________

1. Accident of birth 
2. Personal choices 
3. Both A. and B.
4. Neither A. nor B.

Answer- C. Both A. and B.

 

15.  Which type of social differences lead to social division?

1. Overlapping 
2. Cross – cutting 
3. Ethnicity 
4. All of the above

Answer- A. Overlapping differences 

 

16. If social differences _____________ one another, it is difficult to pit one group of people against the other.

1. Overlap
2. Cross-cut 
3. Nullify 
4. All of the above 

Answer- B. Cross-cut 

 

17. What kind of social differences are easier to accommodate?

1. Overlapping 
2. Cross – cutting 
3. Ethnicity 
4. All of the above

Answer – B. Cross – cutting 

 

18. Choose the country where differences in class and religion tend to cut across each other?

1. Netherlands
2. Northern Ireland 
3. Both above
4. None above 

Answer- A. Netherlands 

 

19. Which of the following countries was once highly HOMOGENEOUS, and is undergoing rapid change because of immigrants

1. Germany 
2. Belgium 
3. India 
4. Sri Lanka

Answer- A. Germany 

 

20. What does democracy have that tends to divide any society?

1. Social diversity 
2. Political competition
3. High population 
4. Low literacy rates 

Answer- B. Political Competition

 

21. Republic of Ireland is a predominantly ___________ country.

1. Catholic 
2. Protestant 
3. Buddhist 
4. Islamic 

Answer – A. Catholic 

 

22. Which parties represented the Catholics in Northern Ireland?

1. Unionists 
2. Republicans 
3. Nationalists 
4. Militants 

Answer- C. Nationalists 

 

23. Which parties represented the protestants in Northern Ireland?

1.  Unionists 
2. Republicans 
3. Nationalists 
4. Militants 

Answer – A. Unionists 

 

24. When did the UK government and the Nationalists reach a peace treaty?

1. 1999
2. 1992
3. 1998
4. 1997

Answer- C. 1998

 

25. What happened to Yugoslavia as the result of the politics of social divisions?

1. Violent struggle 
2. Peace treaty 
3. Disintegration of the country 
4. Armed struggle 

Answer- C. Disintegration of the country

 

26. Social divisions are prevalent __________

1. In European countries 
2. In Developing countries 
3. In South Asian nations 
4. All over the world 

Answer – D. All over the world 

 

27. In how many independent countries was Yugoslavia disintegrated into?

1. 6
2. 8
3. 5
4. 2

Answer- A. 6

 

28. How many factors govern the outcome of politics of social divisions?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

Answer – B. 3

 

29. Among the following, which country suffered disintegration due to political fights on the basis of religious and ethnic identities?

1. Belgium 
2. India
3. Yugoslavia
4. Netherlands

Answer- C. Yugoslavia 

 

30. Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence and select the right answers by using the code given below. 

1. a) But all political expression of social divisions need not be always dangerous. 
2. b)  social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most countries. 
3. c)  Parties try to win political support by appealing to social divisions. 
4. d)  Some social differences may result in social divisions.

 

1. d), b), c), a)
2. d), b), a), c)
3. d), a), c), b)
4. a), b), c), d)

Answer- A. d), b), c), a)

 

31. Consider the following three statements. 

1. Social divisions take place when social differences overlap. 
2. It is possible that a person can have multiple identities. 
3. Social divisions exist in only big countries like India. 

 

Which of the statements is/are correct?

 

1. All 3 
2. A and B
3. B and C
4. Only C 

Answer – B. A. and B. 

 

32. In dealing with social divisions which one of the following statements is NOT correct about democracy?

1.  Due to political competition in a democracy, social divisions get reflected in politics.
2. In a democracy it is possible for communities to voice their grievances in a peaceful manner.
3. Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity.
4. Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.

Answer – D. Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.

 

33. When did the Irish Republican Army and British Government sign an agreement?

1. 2003
2. 2005
3. 1998
4. 1999

Answer – B. 2005

 

Related – CBSE Class 10 Poltical Science Chapter-wise Explanation, Notes, Question Answers

 

Very Short Answer Type Questions  (1 Mark each)

 

1. Who are Afro-Americans?

Answer- Afro-American, Black American, or Black are the terms used to refer mainly to the descendants of Africans who were brought into America as slaves between the 17th century and early 19th century.

 

2. What do you know about the Black Power movement?

Answer- The Black Power movement emerged in 1966 and lasted till 1975, which was a more militant anti-racist movement, advocating even violence if necessary to end racism in the US.

 

3. How did the US athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos represent Black poverty?

Answer- Tommie Smith and John Carlos received their medals wearing black socks and no shoes to represent Black poverty.

 

4. What was the symbol of Black Power?

Answer- The black-gloved and raised clenched fists were meant to symbolise Black Power.

 

5. Why were Carlos and Smith held guilty?

Answer- The International Olympic Association held Carlos and Smith guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement.

 

6. How did Norman suffer for his actions at the 1968 Olympics?

Answer- Norman suffered for his action and was not included in the Australian team for the next Olympic.

 

7. What are the different forms in which social diversity can exist in different societies?

Answer- social diversity can exist and regional, social, linguistic and religious differences.

 

8. Mention the two origins of social differences.

Answer- Social differences are based either on accident of birth, or choices made by an individual.

 

9. Give examples of countries where there are overlapping and cross- cutting differences in class and religion.

Answer- Netherlands has overlapping and Northern Ireland has cross- cutting social differences.

 

10. What kind of social differences usually lead to divisions and tensions?

Answer- Overlapping social differences usually lead to divisions and tensions.

 

11. What is a homogenous society?

Answer- A society that has similar kinds of people, especially where there are no significant ethnic differences is called homogenous.

 

12. Who are migrants?

Answer- Anybody who shifts from one region or country to another region within a country or to another country, usually for work or other economic opportunities is a migrant.

 

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks each) 

 

1. “We all have more than one identity and can belong to more than one social group.” Discuss the assertion using appropriate examples.

 

Answer – 

1.  Carlos and Smith shared a trait in common with one another—they were both African Americans, making them distinct from Norman, who was white. They were all athletes who opposed racial discrimination, but they were also all similar in other respects.
2. It is pretty typical for members of the same faith to feel as though their caste or sect does not belong to the same community. For instance, the majority of people in Northern Ireland and the Netherlands are Christians, however they are split between Catholics and Protestants.
3. Rich and poor people of the same caste and creed frequently do not maintain close relationships since they see themselves to be very different. As a result, each of us has several identities and affiliations with various social groups. In certain situations, we take on different personas.

 

2. Mention how “Casteism” affects Indian politics. [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]

 

Answer- Following are some questions regarding “Casteism” in Indian politics:

(i)Parties propose candidates from a variety of castes when choosing candidates in elections, taking into account the caste makeup of the population in order to get the support they need to win.

(ii) Political parties and candidates use caste sentiment to win over voters during elections. Political parties that have a reputation for favouring certain castes are viewed as speaking for them.

(iii) Political leaders had to get ready to mobilize and secure political support because of the universal adult franchise and the idea of one vote.

 

3. “Our society is still a male dominated society.” Explain the statement with the help of examples. [CBSE OD, Set 2, 2019]

 

Answer-Indian society is thought to be patriarchal:

1. When compared to other nations, India has very low levels of female political participation. Women make up just 10% of the Lok Sabha’s overall membership. In State Assemblies, where only 5% of the total members are women, the situation is worse. Since the last ten years, the women’s reservation measure to promote female participation has remained unfinished.
2.  Despite the fact that women now work in every industry, they are nevertheless paid less than their male counterparts. Studies have revealed that on average, women work harder than men do while receiving less pay, and the proportion of women in highly paid occupations is still lower than that of males. Despite the fact that the Equal Remuneration Act stipulates that employees should receive equal wages for equal work.

 

4. Suggest any one way to create communal harmony among various communities of India. [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]

Answer – The only way to foster unity among the diverse groups of India are as follows:

1. To respect the belief system of others which means not insulting any other religions. 
2. To stop actions that take advantage of the other communities’ rights meaning that no such acts to be committed that harm the other community or are foul to them. 
3. To observe all religious holidays together meaning to respect each other’s festivals and together enjoying them
4. To inform others of the need for respecting the religious tradition and sociological tenets of group identification to several religions. 

 

5. How did the three athletes, Tommie Smith, Johan Carlos and Peter Norman contribute to the Civil Rights Movements in US? [CBSE 2010] HOTS

 

Answer -In order to symbolize black poverty, Tommie Smith and Johan Carlos collected their medals in the Mexico Olympics while standing barefoot and wearing black socks. They attempted to raise awareness of racial prejudice in the United States by making this gesture. Peter Norman, the silver medallist, backed this up by sporting a human rights insignia on his jersey. The national anthem was playing while Smith and Carlos stood with their heads lowered and hands raised. They thus staged a protest against black people’s racial injustice. They were successful in drawing attention to the US Civil Rights Movement on a global scale. Non-blacks were inspired by Peter Norman’s backing as well. The movement gained steam as a result of the sanctions taken against them.

 

6. How does religion influence the political set up in our country? [CBSE, Term 1, 2015]

 

Answer

• India is a sizable nation with many diverse cultures. Even on the basis of faith, people are divided. Politics in our nation are influenced by religion.
• remarked Mahatma Gandhi. Religion and politics in India cannot ever be separated.
• Politics are influenced by religions like Islam or Hinduism. Politics based on religion are not necessarily as deadly as they appear.
• Politics can benefit greatly from the principles of several religions. India is a democratic nation with people of all religions who have equal rights and which forbids discrimination and repression due to religious celebration.

 

7- “Every social difference does not lead to social division.” Explain the statement. Suggest any two ways so that social differences do not lead to social divisions.

 

Answer-

• Social group boundaries do not separate the distinctions and similarities that people from various social groups share. Carlos and Smith shared a trait in common with each other (they were both African Americans), setting them apart from Norman, who was white. They were all athletes who opposed racial prejudice, but they were also all comparable in other respects.
• Social inequalities that cross all boundaries are simpler to accommodate. For instance, despite the fact that the Dutch population was split, Catholics and Protestants did not clash there.
• In the Netherlands, class and religion frequently clash. Protestants and Catholics are roughly equally likely to be wealthy or impoverished. As a result, there have been disputes between Catholics and Protestants.

 

Suggestions:

 

(A) The power-sharing principle should be followed.

(B) Setting aside seats in the legislative, executive, and judicial branches for members of the disadvantaged classes.

 

Source Based Questions (1 X 4 = 4 Marks each)

 

1. Look at the following image and answer the questions that follow.

 

 

Image credits – 

NCERT textbook in political science for class 10

Democratic Politics 

 

1.  Name the anti- racist movement that practiced non violent methods of civil disobedience.

Answer- The Civil Rights Movement in the USA.

2.  Who led the Civil Rights Movement in the USA?

Answer – Martin Luther King Jr.

3.  What was the time during which this Civil Rights Movement was active?

Answer – 1954 to 1968

4. In which Olympic event did the US athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, try to draw international attention to racial discrimination?

Answer- The 1968 Olympics, held in Mexico City.

 

2. Look at the following source and answer the questions that follow.

 

 

Image credits – 

NCERT textbook in political science for class 10

Democratic Politics 

 

1.  To which nation does Northern Ireland belong to?

Answer – The United Kingdom.

2. By whom were the Catholics represented in Northern Ireland?

Answer- The Nationalist parties represented the Catholics.

3.  When did the UK government and the Nationalists reach a peace treaty?

Answer – In 1998.

4. Which country with politics of social divisions suffered disintegration?

Answer – Yugoslavia.

 

Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each )

 

1. ‘Communalism can take various forms in politics.’ Explain. [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]

 

Answer – Following is a discussion of some of the political manifestations of communalism:

1. When a person’s religious beliefs are based on stereotypes and prejudices, extolling the virtues of one religion over another.
2. When a majority community uses the state’s assistance to try to impose its dominance over the other groups. Minority populations respond in kind by requesting the establishment of a separate state for them in such situations. Political mobilization along religious lines happens when religious leaders and symbols appeal to people’s emotions in order to unite members of a specific community.
3. The worst type of communalism is communal violence. When it is supported by the government, it takes on a political shape.
4. Political action based on religion Another common type of communalism is lines. This calls for the use of sacred objects, religious authorities,
   emotional pull and straightforward dread in an effort to unite people of a single religion in the political sphere.

5.  Communalism may exist in a democracy. When the majoritarian, take this form the people begin to believe in the superiority of their faith and disregard for the needs of minorities.

 

2. Explain what three things are important in determining the result of social divisions in politics.

Answer –

(a)  Public perception: This is the primary variable influencing how politics including social differences turn out. People will become isolated and violent if they define their identities in solitary, exclusive terms. People in Ireland continued to distinguish themselves as Catholics or Protestants, and this division persisted.

If the populace understands that their identities are diverse and complement the national identity, it will be lot simpler. The majority of Belgians now believe that their national identity and citizenship are as much Belgian as their ability to speak Dutch or German. They are connected by this emotion. India is a country with many different cultures, yet our shared sense of nationalism unites us.

(b) Political leaders’ raising of demands: How political leaders raise the needs of any community has an impact on how social division politics turn out. It is simpler to give in to requests that fall within the bounds of the constitution and do not harm another community.

(b) Government Reaction: The result is also influenced by how the government responds to the requests of various groups. Social divisions become less dangerous for the nation if the authorities are willing to delegate authority and give in to the reasonable requests of the minority population. However, if they use force to repress such a demand in the name of national unity, it could cause a civil war or the country to become divided, as it did in Sri Lanka.

 

3. Explain the overlapping and cross-cutting differences.

Answer-

Overlapping differences: These social divisions take place when some social differences overlap with many other differences.

1. Because historically most Blacks are impoverished, homeless, and subject to discrimination, the divide between Blacks and Whites becomes a social division in the United States.
2.  Dalits are frequently impoverished and landless in India. They frequently experience unfairness and discrimination.
3. These kinds of circumstances exacerbate social divisions that are detrimental to democracy and weaken its fundamental principles.
4. The breakdown of the nation may result when one type of social difference overrides all others and people begin to feel as though they belong to various communities.

Cross-cutting differences: 

1. Cross-cutting differences occur when persons have similar interests in one area but may disagree on another.
2. It is simpler to accept disparities in social class across sectors.
3. Catholics and Protestants live in the Christian nations of the Netherlands and Northern Ireland, respectively.
4. In the Netherlands, social status and religious affiliation frequently clash. This suggests that the likelihood of being affluent or poor is roughly equal among Catholics and Protestants.
5. Class and religion intersect in Northern Ireland; hence, a Catholic is also more likely to be poor.