Manufacturing Industries Important Question Answers Class 10 Geography Chapter 6

 

manufacturing industries important question answers

 

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries Important Questions

Manufacturing Industries Important Question Answers – Given in this post is NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries. The important questions we have compiled will help the students to brush up on their knowledge about the subject. Students can practice Class 10 Geography important questions to understand the subject better and improve their performance in the board exam. The NCERT solutions provided here will also give students an idea about how to write the answers.

 

Manufacturing Industries – MCQ Based Questions 

 

Q1 The contribution of manufacturing to the GDP of some East Asian economies is ___________. 

A 25 to 35 percent

B 5 to 10 percent

C 5 to 15 percent

D Above 50%

 

Ans A 25 to 35 percent

 

Q2 Industrial locations are influenced by availability of __________. 

A Market 

B Labour 

C Raw materials

D All of the above

 

Ans A All of the above

 

Q3 On the basis of raw materials used, industries are classified as ____________.

A Public sector and private sector

B Basic industries and consumer industries

C Agro-based and mineral-based industries

D None of the above

 

Ans C Agro-based and mineral-based industries

 

Q4  ________ is an example of a private sector industry. 

A BHEL 

B TISCO 

C SAIL 

D CIL 

 

Ans B TISCO 

 

Q5  ____________ are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.

A Cooperative sector industries

B Heavy industries

C Light industries

D Public sector companies

 

Ans A Cooperative sector industries

 

Q6 __________ is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e. from raw material to the highest value added products.  

A Agriculture industry

B Textile industry

C Light industry

D Heavy industry

 

Ans B Textile industry

 

Q7  ________ is the second largest industry in India in terms of employment generation by giving employment to 35 million people. 

A IT industry

B Semiconductor industry

C Agriculture industry

D Textile industry

 

Ans D Textile industry

 

Q8 The contribution of the textile industry to India’s GDP is _______. 

A 20%

B 15%

C 4%

D 10% 

 

Ans C 4%

 

Q9 The first successful textile mill was established in ________ in 1854. 

A Bombay 

B Calcutta 

C Surat 

D Madras 

 

Ans Bombay 

 

Q10 In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of __________ and __________. 

A Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh

B Maharashtra and Karnataka

C Maharashtra and Gujarat

D Gujarat and Rajasthan

 

Ans C Maharashtra and Gujarat

 

Q11 Which of the following is not a centre of silk industries?

A Mysore 

B Varanasi 

C Bankura 

D Aurangabad 

 

Ans D Aurangabad 

 

Q12 Which of the following is a centre for Woollen textiles? 

A Indore 

B Porbandar 

C Ujjain 

D Bikaner 

 

Ans D Bikaner 

 

Q13 Which of the following is a centre for Cotton textiles? 

A Jalgaon 

B Kolar 

C Jaipur 

D Ludhiana

 

Ans A Jalgaon 

 

Q14 India has the second largest installed capacity of spindles in the world, after __________. 

A China 

B USA 

C United Kingdom

D Russia

 

Ans A China 

 

Q15 India has a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn, accounting for __________ of the total trade. 

A 25%

B 50%

C 90%

D 70%

 

Ans A 25%

 

Q16 The first jute mill was set up in 1859 at Rishra, located near ___________.

A Mumbai 

B Chennai 

C Kolkata 

D Surat 

 

Ans C Kolkata 

 

Q17 India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after __________. 

A China 

B Bangladesh 

C Japan 

D United Kingdom

 

Ans B Bangladesh

 

Q18 National Jute Policy was formulated in ___________ with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.

A 2004 

B 2010 

C 2005 

D 2015

 

Ans C 2005 

 

Q19 Sixty percent of sugar mills in India are located in ________ and _________. 

A Uttar Pradesh and Bihar

B Bihar and West Bengal

C Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh

D Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh

 

Ans A Uttar Pradesh and Bihar

 

Q20  India is ranked __________ among the world’s crude steel producers.

A 4th 

B 1st 

C 2nd 

D 3rd

 

Ans A 4th 

 

Q21 Which of the following is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants? 

A Fog 

B Smoke 

C Water vapour

D All of these

 

Ans D All of these

 

Q22 Which one of the following is manufactured at Salem? 

A Steel 

B Cotton 

C Aluminium 

D Copper 

 

Ans A Steel 

 

Q23 Which of the following adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole? 

A Noise pollution

B Thermal pollution

C Air pollution

D Water pollution

 

Ans C Air pollution

 

Q24 Which of the following is caused by the discharge of organic and inorganic industrial waste and effluents? 

A Air pollution

B Water pollution

C Noise pollution

D Thermal pollution

 

Ans B Water pollution

 

Q25 Which one of the following organizations is responsible for the marketing of steel of the Public Sector Undertaking? 

A TISCO 

B IISCO 

C BHEL 

D SAIL 

 

Ans D SAIL

 

Q26 Which country has the largest installed capacity of spindles in the world? 

A Japan 

B Philippines 

C China 

D India 

 

Ans C China 

 

Q27 Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants? (NCERT QUESTION)

A HAIL

B SAIL 

C TATA Steel

D MNCC

 

Ans B SAIL 

 

Q28 Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material? (NCERT QUESTION)

A Aluminium

B Cement

C Jute

D Steel

 

Ans A Aluminium

 

Q29 Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computers, etc.? (NCERT QUESTION)

A Steel 

B Electronic 

C Aluminium

D Information Technology

 

Ans B Electronic 

 

Q30 Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material? (NCERT QUESTION)

A Aluminium

B Cement

C Jute

D Sugar

 

Ans B Cement

 

Related – Class 10 History, Geography and Political Science Important Questions 

Manufacturing Industries – 1 Mark Questions

 

Q1 Define manufacturing.

OR

What is manufacturing? (NCERT QUESTION)

 

Ans Manufacturing is considered the production of a desired product after processing raw materials through the use of machines and mechanical labour.

 

Q2 What are basic industries? Give an example. (NCERT QUESTION)

 

Ans Basic industries supply the basic raw or primary material to secondary industries which manufacture other goods. Iron manufacturing industries, coal production industries, etc. are examples of basic industries. 

 

Q3  Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement. (NCERT QUESTION)

 

Ans The main raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement are: limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.

 

Q4 How do manufacturing industries help agriculture?

 

Ans Manufacturing industries not only help in modernizing agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, but also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agriculture income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. 

 

Q5 What was the main philosophy behind public sector industries? 

 

Ans Public sector helps in eradication of unemployment and poverty. It also aimed at bringing down disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. 

 

Q6 How does manufacturing help in earning foreign exchange? 

 

Ans Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange. 

 

Q7 What is the idea behind the prosperity of the country? 

 

Ans Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.

 

Q8 What is the contribution of industries to the national economy? 

 

Ans Over the last two decades, the share of the manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 percent of GDP-out of a total of 27 per cent for mining, quarrying, electricity and gas.

 

Q9 How does industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand?

 

Ans Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc., to industry.

 

Q10 What are agglomeration economies? 

 

Ans Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies. 

 

Q11 Where were manufacturing units located in the Pre-independence period?

 

Ans In the Pre-independence period, most of the manufacturing units were located in places from the point of view of overseas trade such as Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, etc.

 

Q12 What are consumer industries?

 

Ans Consumer industries are the industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers, e.g., sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, etc.

 

Q13 Classify industries on the basis of ownership. 

 

Ans 1. Public Sector 

  1. Private Sector 
  2. Joint Sector
  3. Cooperative Sector

 

Q14 Give one difference between public and private sectors. 

 

Ans 1. Public sector is owned and operated by government agencies, eg, BHEL and SAIL, etc. 2. Private Sector-These industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals, eg, TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Dabur Industries.

 

Q15 Which twin states of India are known for cotton production?

 

Ans Maharashtra and Gujarat are the twin states of India known for cotton production. 

 

Q16 Why are more cotton textile mills located in Gujarat and Maharashtra? 

 

Ans Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, labour, moist climate, etc., contributed towards its localisation.

 

Q17 Name the people who are provided employment opportunities by cotton textile industries. 

 

Ans Cotton farmers, cotton boll pluckers, workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. People who have industries of chemical and dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works. 

 

Q18 What standard is India maintaining in weaving and spinning processes in India?

 

Ans India has world class production in spinning, but weaving supplies low quality of fabric as it cannot use much of the high quality yarn produced in the country. 

 

Q19 What are the main problems faced by cotton textile industries?

 

Ans Power supply is erratic; machinery needs to be upgraded, low output of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry. 

 

Q20 What is India’s status in jute production?

 

Ans India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at the second place as an exporter after Bangladesh. 

 

Q21 Where was the first jute mill set up?

 

Ans The first jute mill was set up in 1859 at Rishra near Kolkata.

 

Q22 What happened to jute production after partition?

 

Ans After partition in 1947, the jute mills remained in India but three-fourth of the jute producing area went to Bangladesh. 

 

Q23 Give any two main factors responsible for the location of Jute industries in the Hughli Basin. 

 

Ans 1. Proximity of the jute producing areas. 

  1. Inexpensive water transport.
  2. supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills. 

 

Q24 How does the jute industry support the workers and farmers?

 

Ans The jute industry supports 2.61 lakh workers directly and another 40 lakh small and marginal farmers who are engaged in the cultivation of jute and mesta. 

 

Q25 Give any two challenges faced by the jute industry. 

 

Ans 1. Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.

  1. Competition from the other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.

 

Q26 What was the objective of the National Jute Policy formulated in 2005? 

 

Ans In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity. improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.

 

Q27 Which are the main markets of jute?

 

Ans The main markets of Jute are USA, Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, UK and Australia.

 

Q28 Where does India stand in sugar production?

 

Ans India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and Khandsari. 

 

Q29 Name the regions where sugar mills of India are located.

 

Ans There are over 460 sugar mills in the country spread over UP, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. 

 

Q30 Why are sugar mills shifting to South India?

 

Ans 1. It is so because the cane produced in these states has high sucrose content. 

  1. The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing seasons. 

 

Q31 What are the major challenges of sugar industries?

 

Ans Challenges include the seasonal nature of industry, old and inefficient methods of production, transport delay in reaching cane to factories and the need to maximise the use of baggage. 

 

Q32 What ingredients are used to produce steel?

 

Ans Iron ore, coking coal and limestone are required in the ratio of approximately 4:2:1. Some quantities of manganese are also required to harden the steel. 

 

Q33 What are mini steel plants?

 

Ans Mini steel plants are smaller in size, have electric furnaces, use steel scrap and sponge iron. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well.

 

Q34 What is an integrated steel plant? 

 

Ans An integrated steel plant is large, handles everything in one complex-from putting together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping.

 

Q35 What do you know about SAIL? 

 

Ans All public sector undertakings market their steel through Steel Authority of India Ltd. called SAIL.

 

Q36 Why has Chotanagpur Plateau the maximum concentration of steel industries? 

 

Ans It is largely because of the relative advantages this region has like low cost of iron ore, high grade of raw material in proximity and cheap labour.

 

Q37 What are the weaknesses of the iron and steel industries? 

Ans 1. High costs and limited availability of coking coal.

  1. Lower productivity of labour. 
  2. Irregular supply of energy.
  3. Poor infrastructure.

 

Q38 What are the chief characteristics of aluminium?

 

Ans It is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals.

 

Q39 What are the main uses of aluminium?

 

Ans Aluminium is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires. 

 

Q40 What are the two prime factors for the location of aluminium industries?

 

Ans 1. Regular supply of electricity.

  1. An assured source of raw material at minimum cost. 

 

Q41 Which inorganic chemicals are produced in India? 

 

Ans Sulphuric acid (used to manufacture fertilisers, synthetic fibres, plastics, adhesive, paints, dyes stuffs), nitric acid, alkalies, soda ash (used to make glass, soaps and detergents) and caustic soda.

 

Q42 Which organic chemicals are produced in India?

 

Ans Organic chemicals include petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye stuff, drugs and pharmaceuticals.

 

Q43 What are the uses of cement? 

 

Ans Cement is essential for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments. 

 

Q44 Which ingredients are used in the production of cement? 

 

Ans The industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. 

 

Q45 How is Gujarat a suitable location for cement production?

 

Ans The industry has located plants in Gujarat that have suitable access to the market in Gulf countries. 

 

Q46 Where was the first cement plant set up in India?

 

Ans The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904.

 

Q47 Which decisions of the government helped in the rapid production of cement?

 

Ans Decontrol of price and distribution since 1989 and other policy reforms led the cement industry to make rapid strides in capacity, process technology and production

 

Q48 How did liberalisation policy of government help in the progress of automobile industry? 

 

Ans After the liberalisation, the coming in of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market, which led to the healthy growth of the industry including passenger cars, two and three wheelers. 

 

Q49 What is the contribution of FDI in automobile industries? 

 

Ans Foreign Direct Investment brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global development.

 

Q50 Why is Bangalore called the ‘Electronic Capital’ of India? 

 

Ans Bangalore has been called as the electronic capital of India as it has lots of software companies working there and thousands of employees working in those companies. 

 

Q51 What does the electronic industry cover? 

 

Ans The electronic industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, pager, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other equipment required by the telecommunication industry. 

 

Q52 How is air polluted by industries? 

 

Ans Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms.

 

Q53 What does ‘Thermal Pollution’ mean? 

 

Ans Thermal Pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.

 

Q54 How do factories cause noise pollution? 

 

Ans Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills also make a lot of noise.

 

Q55 Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials. (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2016)

 

Ans 1. Agro based industries

  1. Mineral based industries. 

 

Q56 Why is aluminium metal of great importance? (CBSE 2016)

 

Ans Aluminium metal has great importance because: It combines the strength of metals such as Iron with extreme lightness and also with good conductivity and great malleability. 

 

Q57 How is iron-ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru? (CBSE 2016)

 

Ans Iron-ore is transported as slurry through pipelines.

 

Q58 How did the ‘Bailadila’ Iron ore field get its name? (CBSE 2016)

 

Ans The Bailadila hills look like the hump of an ox, hence ‘Bialadila’ name given to the iron-ore field.

 

Q59 Name the mineral which is used to harden steel during manufacturing. (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2017)

 

Ans Manganese

 

Q60 Why is production and consumption of steel considered as an index of a country’s development? (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2021-22)

 

Ans 1. The steel products are used as a raw material in different industries. 

  1. It is required for export. 
  2. It provides machinery for ensuring the country’s growth.

 

Related – Class 10 Geography MCQs

 

MCQ Questions for Class 10 Geography with Answer Keys

Assertion-reason based questions:

 

Q1 Assertion (A): Consumer industries produce goods for direct use by consumers.

Reason (R): Consumer industries are Agro based.

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
  3. A is true but R is false. 
  4. If both A and R are false.

 

Ans b. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

Consumer industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers like sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans are Agro-based. The reason does not explain the assertion.

 

Q2 Assertion (A): Industrial development cannot minimize environmental degradation. 

Reason (R): Environmental degradation depends on the raw material used. 

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
  3. A is true but R is false. 
  4. If both A and R are false.

 

Ans d. Both assertion and reason are false. 

Proper fuel selection and utilization, smoke can be prevented by the use of oil instead of coal in industries and equipment to control emissions can minimize environmental degradation.

 

Q3 Assertion (A): Industries give a boost to the agricultural sector. 

Reason (R): Competitiveness of the manufacturing industry has helped in increasing their production and also made the production process efficient. 

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
  3. A is true but R is false. 
  4. If both A and R are false.

 

Ans a. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. The reason justifies the assertion.

 

Q4 Assertion (A): Textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy.

Reason (R): It contributes significantly to industrial production and employment generation directly. 

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
  3. A is true but R is false. 
  4. If both A and R are false.

 

Ans a. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

It is the only industry in the country, which is self reliant and complete in the value Chain, from raw material to the highest value added products. The reason justifies the assertion.

 

Q5 Assertion (A): Aluminum is a universally accepted metal for a large number of industries.

Reason (R): Aluminum is flexible and a good conductor of heat and electricity. 

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
  3. A is true but R is false. 
  4. If both A and R are false.

 

Ans a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

In India, Aluminum smelting is the second largest industry. It is flexible, a good conductor of heat and electricity and hence is a universally accepted metal for a large number of industries. It is widely used as a substitute of copper, zinc, lead and steel.

 

Q6 Assertion (A): Air pollution is caused by the presence of a high proportion of undesirable gases. 

Reason (R): Air pollution does not affect human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
  3. A is true but R is false. 
  4. If both A and R are false.

 

Ans c. Assertion is true but the reason is false. 

Air pollution is caused by the presence of a high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Airborne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke and adversely affect human health, plants & animals.

 

Q7 Assertion (A): Chemical industries are lagging behind in India. 

Reason (R): Only small scale industries are present and growth of this industry is very less comparatively.

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
  3. A is true but R is false. 
  4. If both A and R are false.

 

Ans d. Both assertion and reason are false. 

Chemical industries in India are fast growing and diversifying .There is a rapid growth in the manufacture of organic and inorganic chemicals.

 

Q8 Assertion (A): Most of the Jute mills of India are located in West Bengal. 

Reason (R): Bus facility is available to export the manufactured goods.

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
  3. A is true but R is false. 
  4. If both A and R are false.

 

Ans b. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

Most of the Jute mills are located in West Bengal due to: 

  1. Jute producing area is close to the jute mill. 
  2. Water is available in plenty. 
  3. Labour is cheap. 
  4. Water transport is cheap.

The reason is right but does not explain the assertion.

 

Q9 Assertion (A): Harvesting of rainwater reduces Industrial pollution of fresh water. 

Reason (R): Rainwater helps industry to meet water requirements.

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
  3. A is true but R is false. 
  4. If both A and R are false.

 

Ans a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of Freshwater, harvesting rainwater replenishes the water table and thus helps industry to meet its water requirements.

 

Q10 Assertion (A): The economic strength of the country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries. 

Reason (R): India’s prosperity lies in diversifying its manufacturing industries.

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
  3. A is true but R is false. 
  4. If both A and R are false.

 

Ans b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

Industries create a variety of goods and thus reduce the dependence of the people on agriculture. Exports of manufactured goods add value to the economy.

 

Fill in the blanks in the following:

 

Q1 Raw material is the prime consideration of ______________.

 

Ans industries

 

Q2 _____________ industry provides employment to weavers at home as a cottage industry.

 

Ans Handspun khadi

 

Q3 India is the largest exporter of Jute after _____________.

 

Ans Bangladesh

 

Q4 The ___________ strength of a country is measured by the development of an industry. 

 

Ans economic strength

 

Q5 The first textile mill was established in ___________.

 

Ans Gujarat

 

Q6 ___________ is an agro-based raw material. (Jute/Cement) 

 

Ans Jute

 

Q7 In India, most of the jute mills are located in ______________.

 

Ans West Bengal

 

Q8 ______________ industries use metals and minerals as raw material. 

 

Ans Mineral-based

 

Q9 Iron and steel is considered ___________ industry.

 

Ans heavy 

 

Q10 The first successful textile mill was established in ___________ in 1854.

 

Ans Mumbai 

 

Related – CBSE Class 10 Poltical Science Chapter-wise Explanation, Notes, Question Answers

 

Manufacturing Industries – 2 Mark Questions

 

Q1 Name the eight aluminium plants of India.

 

Ans 1. In Odisha (Nalco and Balco)

  1. West Bengal 
  2. Kerala
  3. Uttar Pradesh
  4. Maharashtra
  5. Chhattisgarh 
  6. Tamil Nadu

 

Q2 Classify industries on the basis of their main role. How are they different from each other? (CBSE 2016) 

 

Ans 1. Basic or key industries: These industries supply their product or raw materials to manufacture other goods; e.g., iron and steel, copper smelting and aluminium smelting.

  1. Consumer industries: These are the industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers; eg, sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans, etc. 

 

Q3 How can we compete in the international market in manufacturing?

 

Ans 1. In the present-day world of globalisation, our industry needs to be more efficient and competitive. Self-sufficiency alone is not enough. 

  1. Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market. Only then, we will be able to compete in the international market.

 

Q4 Classify industries on the basis of capital investment.

 

Ans Following is the classification of industries on the basis of capital investment:

  1. Small-scale Industries: A small-scale industry is defined with reference to the maximum investment allowed on the assets of a unit. This limit has changed over a period of time. At present, the maximum investment allowed is 1 crore. 
  2. Large-scale Industries: If investment is more than 1 crore on any industry, then it is known as a large-scale industry.

 

Q5 Classify industries on the basis of bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods.

 

Ans Industries are classified on the basis of the weight of raw materials and finished goods in the following manner:

  1. Heavy Industries: These industries use heavy raw materials and also produce heavy goods, eg, iron and steel, cement, ship-building, automobiles, etc. 
  2. Light Industries: These industries use light raw materials and produce light goods such as electrical industries, eg., watches, electric bulbs, paint brushes, etc.

 

Q6 How were cotton textiles produced in ancient India?

 

Ans 1. In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques. After the 18th century, power looms came into use. 

  1. Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England.

 

Q7 How many cotton mills do we have in India? 

 

Ans 1. Today, there are nearly 1,600 cotton and human made fibre textile mills in the country. About 80 per cent of these are in the private sector and the rest are in the public and cooperative sectors.

  1. Apart from these, there are several thousand small factories with four to ten looms.

 

Q8 What is the status of spinning and weaving in India? 

 

Ans 1. While spinning continues to be centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, weaving is highly decentralised to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton, silk, jari, embroidery, etc. 

  1. India has world-class production in spinning, but weaving supplies low quality of fabric as it cannot use much of the high quality yarn produced in the country. Weaving is done by handloom, powerloom in mills.

 

Q9 To which countries are cotton goods exported? 

 

Ans 1. India exports yarn to lapan. Other importers of cotton goods from India are USA, UK, Russia, France, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and African countries. 

  1. We have a large share in the world trade of cotton yam accounting for one-fourth of the total trade. 

 

Q10 How is jute industry associated with people? 

 

Ans 1. The jute industry supports 2.61 lakh workers directly. Another 40 lakh small and marginal farmers are engaged in cultivation of jute and mesta. 

  1. Many more people are associated indirectly like in preparation of various jute goods and further trading in jute items.

 

Q11 Why is the iron and steel industry called a heavy industry? 

 

Ans 1. Iron and steel industry is called a heavy industry because all the raw material as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs. 

  1. Iron ore, coking coal and limestone are required in the ratio of 4:2:1 approximately. Some quantity of manganese is also required to harden the steel.

 

Q12 Compare India’s steel production with that of China.

 

Ans 1. In the 1950s, China and India produced almost the same quantity of steel. In 2004, India was the largest exporter of steel which accounted for 2.25 per cent of the global steel trade. 

  1. Today, China is the largest producer. China is also the world’s largest consumer of steel.

 

Q13 “Though India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world, yet we are not able to perform to our full potential.” Why? (CBSE 2017)

 

Ans 1. It is largely due to high costs and limited availability of coking coal. 

  1. There is low productivity of labour. Moreover, there is irregularity of supply of energy and of course, the poor infrastructure. 

 

Q14 What are the uses of chemical industries?

 

Ans 1. The chemical industry is its own largest consumer. Basic chemicals undergo processing to further produce other chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly for consumer markets. 

  1. For example, sulphuric acid is used to manufacture synthetic fibres and plastics or petrochemicals are used for producing synthetic fibres and synthetic rubber, etc.

 

Q15 Which ingredients are needed for the fertiliser production?

 

Ans The fertiliser industry is centered around the production of nitrogenous fertilisers (mainly urea), phosphatic fertilisers, and ammonium phosphate and complex fertilisers, which have a combination of nitrogen, phosphate and potash. The potash is entirely imported as the country does not have any reserves of commercially usable potash or potassium compounds in any form. India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilisers.

 

Q16 How many fertiliser industries do we have in India? 

 

Ans 1. There are 57 fertiliser units manufacturing nitrogenous and complex nitrogenous fertilisers. There are 29 plants for urea, nine for producing ammonium sulphate as a by-product and 68 other small units producing single super phosphate. 

  1. At present, there are ten public sector undertakings and one in the cooperative sector at Hazira in Gujarat under the Fertiliser Corporation of India. 

 

Q17 In which states do we find fertiliser industries? 

 

Ans 1. After the Green Revolution, the industry expanded to several other parts of the country. Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, U.P., Punjab and Kerala contribute towards half of the fertiliser production. 

  1. Other significant producers are: Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Assam, West Bengal, Goa, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.

 

Q18 What are the ingredients required for making cement?

 

Ans 1. Cement is essential for construction activity, such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments. 

  1. This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. Coal and electric power are needed apart from transportation.

 

Q19 What is the status of production of cement?

 

Ans 1. This industry is doing well in terms of production as well as export. Improvement in the quality has found the produce, a readily available market in East Asia, Middle East, Africa and South Asia apart from a large demand within the country. 

  1. Efforts are being made to generate adequate domestic demand and supply in order to sustain this industry. 

 

Q20 Where do we manufacture various automobiles in India?

 

Ans 1. At present, there are 15 manufacturers of passenger cars and multiutility vehicles, nine of commercial vehicles, 14 of the two-wheelers and three-wheelers.

  1. The industry is located around Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru. 

 

Q21 What does the electronic industry cover? Name the regions where electronic industries are located.

 

Ans 1. The electronic industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone exchanges, radars, computers and many other equipments required by the telecommunication industry.

  1. Bengaluru has emerged as the ‘electronic capital’ of India. Other important centres for electronic goods are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Coimbatore.

 

Q22 Which industries are the main culprits of water pollution? 

 

Ans The main culprits are paper pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that discharges dyes, detergent, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies. 

 

Q23 Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material. How are they different from each other? (CBSE 2016)

OR

Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials used. 

 

Ans On the basis of sources of raw material industries are classified as:

  1. Agro based: Agro based industries draw their raw materials from agricultural products. For example, Textiles, Sugar, Coffee, Tea and Edible Oil, etc. 
  2. Mineral based: Mineral based draw their raw material from minerals. For example, Iron and Steel industries, cement, machine holes, petrochemicals, etc.

 

Q24 How can agriculture and industry go hand in hand?

 

Ans 1. The agro industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its production. It produces equipment like tractors, harvesters, threshers, etc. 

  1. On the other hand, industries are run on agricultural products like cotton, sugarcane, jute, edible oils, etc.

 

3 Mark Questions

 

Q1 Name any three physical factors for the location of the industry. (NCERT QUESTION)

 

Ans The physical factors that affect the location of an industry are:

  1. Raw material should be available at low cost and in near distance. 
  2. Availability of land.
  3. Location of markets often influences the location of industries. Generally, industries are located near a large centre of population which acts as a consumer of their products and as a source of human resources.

 

Q2 Name any three human factors for the location of an industry. (NCERT QUESTION)

 

Ans The three human factors for the location of industry are:

  1. Human labour needs appropriate climatic conditions to function and therefore industries cannot be located in harsh environments. Skilled and unskilled labour from nearby regions. 
  2. There should be transportation facilities available for commutation from work and home. 
  3. Industries need to be located near a human settlement from where they can source the required skilled labour.

 

Q3 How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity? (NCERT QUESTION)

 

Ans An integrated steel plant handles multiple activities within one complex-from raw materials, to steel making, rolling, shaping, among other which makes these steel plants to be huge in size. A (mini steel plant is smaller as it produces mild and alloy steel of given requirements. The problems faced by this industry are:

  1. The production costs are high due to high costs of basic materials such coke coal. 
  2. In India, there is an irregular supply of electricity leading to loss of time and added cost of generating electricity.
  3. Steel industries are located in regions with poor infrastructure which increases cost of transportation and other utilities. 
  4. Recent developments that have led to a rise in the production capacity of this industry is the entry of private players which have access to private capital investments and foreign direct investments which has allowed quicker expansion and increased efficiency through oversight. 

 

Q4 How do industries pollute the environment? (NCERT QUESTION)

 

Ans 1. Industries pollute the environment through air, water, land and noise. Air pollution is caused by the release of oxides of carbon and nitrogen into the air by paper factories, brick kilns, etc. through burning of fossil fuels such as coal. 

  1. Water pollution is caused by the discharge of organic and inorganic industrial wastes into water bodies such as rivers by chemical industries, textile industries, etc. 
  2. Industries such as tanneries, wood manufacturing, etc. lead to soil erosion or render the soil infertile by dumping of waste products, cutting of trees, among other activities. 
  3. Noise pollution results from industrial and construction activities, whose high decibel level affects the nearby areas.

 

Q5 Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry. (NCERT QUESTION)

 

Ans The steps needed to be taken to minimise environmental degradation are: 

  1. Industrial wastes such as plastic, metal, etc. need to be recycled and re-used, thereby avoiding the need to dump in water bodies and landfills. 
  2. Industrial discharge needs to be treated on all three prior to flowing into sewage lines. 
  3. Rainwater harvesting needs to be implemented to meet water requirements, and ground water usage should be regulated by law. 
  4. Smoke chimneys can be fitted with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators to reduce the discharge of air pollutants. 
  5. Noise pollution can be reduced by the use of silencers. Silent generators and redesigning of machinery can be done to reduce noise.

 

Q6 “Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of the economic development of a country.” Support the statement with examples. (CBSE 2017)

 

Ans Manufacturing sector:

  1. It helps in modernizing agriculture.
  2. Helps in providing jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. 
  3. Reduces unemployment and poverty. 
  4. It brings down the regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
  5. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
  6. It brings in much needed foreign exchange. 
  7. Example-Cotton textile, Iron and Steel industry, etc.

 

Q7 “Industrialization and urbanisation go hand in hand.” Validate the statement. (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2016)

 

Ans 1. After an industrial activity starts in a town, urbanisation follows. Industry provides employment to the people of the area. 

  1. Population migrates from rural hinterlands to seek jobs, Housing and transport facilities are developed to accommodate these people. Other infrastructural developments take place leading to growth and development of the town into a city. 
  2. Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities. Cities provide markets and services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the industry. Thus, industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. 

 

Q8 Analyse the role of the manufacturing sector in the economic development of India. (CBSE 2017)

 

Ans The Role of manufacturing sector in the economic development of India:

  1. Manufacturing industries not only help in modernizing agriculture but also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income.
  2. Eradication of Unemployment and poverty.
  3. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
  4. Countries that transform their raw material into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.

 

Q9 Which factors were responsible for the concentration of cotton textile industries in Maharashtra and Gujarat?

 

Ans 1. Raw cotton is easily available in and around that area because of the black cotton soil. 

  1. Transport including accessible port facilities for export of cotton goods. 
  2. Cheap and skilled labour is available around that area. 
  3. Favourable moist climate contributes towards its localisation.

 

Q10 What problems are faced by the cotton textile industry? 

 

Ans 1. Machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and processing sectors particularly. 

  1. There is lower output of labour, since they are not skilled in their jobs.
  2. There is a stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry.
  3. Power supply remains erratic, thereby, affecting its production.

 

Q11 What efforts were made by the government to stimulate demand for jute in the market? 

 

Ans 1. In 2005, the National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing production. 

  1. Efforts would be made to improve production and introduce some new products of jute-like fabric.
  2. Government can ensure good prices to the jute farmers, enhancing the yield per hectare. 

 

Q12 Why do you feel that there are plans to shift sugar mills to South India?

 

Ans Reasons to shift sugar mills:

  1. Sugarcane produced in these states has higher sugar content. 
  2. The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season. 
  3. The cooperatives are more successful in these states.
  4. If sugarcane is transported from South to North India, due to delays in trains, sugarcane loses its sugar content as it is a perishable good. 

 

Q13 “Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.” Support the statement with three examples. (CBSE 2017)

 

Ans Agriculture and industry both depend on each other. 

  1. Agriculture supplies raw material for the manufacturing industries. Shortage of these raw materials can spell doom for the industry.
  2. Agriculture gets its basic inputs form the manufacturing industries. 
  3. In this way agriculture offers a big market for industrial products, fertilizers, water pumps, tractors, farm equipment etc.
  4. In short, agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other they move hand in hand. 

 

Q14 What are the challenges faced by the sugar industry?

 

Ans Challenges:

  1. The industry is seasonal, so getting labour becomes difficult.
  2. India is still using old and inefficient methods of production, thereby, affecting its production.
  3. There are transport delays in transporting sugarcane to factories, with the result that it loses its sugar content. 
  4. There is a need to maximise the use of bagasse to face the problem of power break up.

 

Q15 Why does the Chotanagpur plateau have the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?

 

Ans It is because of the relative advantages this region has for the development of this industry.

  1. Low cost of iron ore is available, since it is mined in this region. 
  2. Its high grade raw material is available in close proximity.
  3. Cheap, hard and skilled labour is easily available. (iv) There is a vast growth potential in the home market.

 

Q16 How is the information technology industry able to generate more employment? 

 

Ans Major impact of this industry has been on employment generation. 

  1. Upto 31st March 2005, the IT industry employed over one million persons.
  2. This number is expected to increase sharply in the coming years. 
  3. It is encouraging to know that 30 percent of the people employed in this sector are women. 

 

Q17 Explain with examples the interdependence of agriculture and industries. (CBSE (Delhi) 2017)

 

Ans Interdependence of agriculture and industry:

  1. The agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by rising its productivity. 
  2. They depend on the latter for raw materials.
  3. They sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides and PVC pipe, machines and tools etc. to the farmers.
  4. Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industries has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their productions, but also made the production processes very efficient.

 

Q18 Why did Mahatma Gandhi lay emphasis on spinning yarn and weaving khadi? 

 

Ans 1. Weaving is done by handloom, powerloom and in mills.

  1. The handspun khadi provides large-scale employment to weavers in their homes as a cottage industry.
  2. Mahatma Gandhi also wanted to propagate the use of the indigenous khadi material to revive the jobs of jobless weavers during the British period.

 

Q19 Which major industries are responsible for water pollution?

OR

How are industries responsible for polluting freshwater? Suggest any three measures to reduce the water pollution. (CBSE 2017)

 

Ans 1. Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers.

  1. The main culprits are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc., into the water bodies.
  2. Fly ash, phospo-gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India. 

Steps to minimize water pollution: 

  1. Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements. 
  2. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases (a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation, (by Secondary treatment by biological process (c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater. 
  3. Overdrawing of groundwater needs to be regulated legally.

 

Q20 How is land polluted? 

 

Ans 1. Land is polluted by wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities.  

  1. Dumping of wastes, especially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage, makes the soil useless.
  2. Rainwater percolates into the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the groundwater also gets contaminated.

 

Q21 What are agglomeration economies?

 

Ans 1. Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advisors, etc., to the industries. 

  1. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as ‘agglomeration economies.
  2. Gradually a large industrial agglomeration takes place. So, it is basically coordination of various industries’ in a city for the development of manufacturing industries.

 

Q22 What efforts should be made to improve steel production?

 

Ans 1. Liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment have given a boost to the industry with the efforts of private entrepreneurs. 

  1. There is a need to allocate resources for research and development to produce steel more competitively.
  2. We need to regularise the supply of energy and improve the infrastructure for better production.

 

Q23 Name the software technology parks of India.

 

Ans 1. Srinagar (J&K)

  1. Mohali (Punjab)
  2. Noida (U.P.)
  3. Jaipur (Rajasthan)
  4. Gandhinagar (Gujarat)
  5. Indore (M.P.)
  6. Mumbai and Pune (Maharashtra)
  7. Bengaluru and Mysore (Karnataka) 
  8. Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala)
  9. Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
  10. Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)
  11. Vishakhapatnam 
  12. Bhubaneshwar (Odisha)
  13. Kolkata (West Bengal) 
  14. Guwahati (Assam)

 

Q24 “The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain.” Justify the statement. (CBSE 2016)

 

Ans The textile industry is self-reliant and complete in value chain: 

  1. It contributes significantly to industrial production (14%).
  2. Employment generation (35 million persons directly-the second largest after agriculture)
  3. Foreign exchange earnings (about 24.6%). 
  4. It contributes 4 per cent towards GDP.

 

Q25 Suggest any three steps to minimise the environmental degradation caused by the industrial development in India. (CBSE 2017) (CBSE 2016)

 

Ans Three steps to minimise the environmental degradation caused by Industrial development in India are:

A Water Pollution:

  1. Minimising use of water for procuring by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
  2. Harvesting of rainwater can be dense to meet water requirements. 
  3. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

B Air Pollution:

  1. Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators. 
  2. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or natural gas instead of coal in the factories.

C Noise Pollution

  1. Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers. 
  2. Almost all machineries can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.
  3. Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.

 

Q26 What factors are required to set up an industry in a region? 

 

Ans Factors required to set up an industry:

  1. Availability of raw materials: Raw materials should be easily available from nearby areas only 
  2. Labour: Labour should be skilled and easily available from the neighbouring areas only. 
  3. Power supply: Without power supply, an industry cannot run, so it should also be available as per the requirements.
  4. Market: If it is a heavy material and a perishable good, a market for the sale of the goods should. also be available in a nearby area only.

 

Q27 What is the status of India in jute production? 

 

Ans 1. India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after Bangladesh. 

  1. There are about 70 jute mills in India. Most of these are located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hugli river, in a narrow belt. The first jute mill was set up near Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra. 
  2. After partition in 1947, the jute mills remained in India but three fourths of the jute producing areas became part of Bangladesh.

 

Q28 What is India’s status in chemical production?

 

Ans 1. The chemical industry in India is growing fast and diversifying. It contributes approximately three per cent of the GDP. 

  1. It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world in terms of its size. It comprises both large-scale and small-scale manufacturing units. 
  2. Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors.

 

Q29 What is the status of the cement industry in India? 

 

Ans 1. The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904. 

  1. After Independence, the industry expanded Decontrol of price and distribution since 1989 and other policy reforms led the cement industry to make rapid strides in capacity, process, technology and production. 
  2. There are 128 large plants and 332 mini cement plants in the country. India produces a variety of cement, which is needed for domestic as well as international markets. 

 

Q30 “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.” Give three arguments to support this statement. 

 

Ans 1. In the present day world of globalisation, one industry needs to be more efficient and competitive, self sufficiency alone is not enough.

  1. One manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market. Only then we will be able to compete in the international market and earn foreign exchange.
  2. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher values are prosperous like Japan and US are industrialised, India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

 

Q31 “Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s development.” Examine the statement. 

 

Ans 1. Iron and steel Industry is the basic industry. Since all the other industries -heavy, medium and light, depend on it for their machinery.

  1. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods.
  2. It is also needed as construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.

Therefore, production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s development.

 

Q32 ‘Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of general and economic development.’ Examine the statement in the context of India. (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2022-23)

 

Ans 1. Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture. 

  1. It helps in reducing the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. 
  2. It helps in eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. 
  3. It helps in reducing regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. 
  4. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce. 
  5. It helps in bringing foreign exchange.

 

4 Mark Questions

 

Q1 Read the text given below and answer the following questions. (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2020-21)

 

Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. Agriculture and industry are not exclusive to each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity. 

 

  1. Manufacturing industries fall in _________ and agriculture in ___________ .

A Primary, Secondary Sector 

B Secondary, Tertiary Sector 

C Primary, Tertiary Sector 

D Secondary, Primary Sector

 

Ans D Secondary, Primary Sector

 

  1. Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependence on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to jobs created or promoted by manufacturing industries Sector 

 

a. Garment production 1. Primary
b. Research & Development 2. Tertiary 
c. Banking 3. Secondary
d. Mining 4. Quaternary

 

A a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4 

B a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1 

C a-2, b-3, c-1, d-2 

D a-4, b-1, c-4, d-3 

 

Ans B a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1

 

  1. Which of the following options does not help in modernising agriculture?

A Manufacturing farm equipment 

B Providing unskilled labour force 

C Supplying fertilizers and pesticides 

D Producing tube well pumps and sprinklers

 

Ans B Providing unskilled labour force

 

  1. In order to attract foreign manufacturing firms, a country needs to develop 

A Agrarian facilities 

B Cultivable lands 

C Media facilities 

D Infrastructure facilities 

 

Ans D Infrastructure facilities

 

Q2 Read the text given below and answer the following questions.

 

India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies first place in the production of gur and Khansari. The raw material used in this industry is bulky, and in haulage its sucrose content reduces. The mills are located in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh. Sixty percent of mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. This industry is seasonal in nature, so it is ideally suited to the cooperative sector. Can you explain why this is so? In recent years, there is a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra; this is because the cane produced here has higher sucrose content. The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season. Moreover, the cooperatives are more successful in these states. Major challenges include the seasonal nature of the industry, old and inefficient methods of production, transport delay in reaching cane to factories, and the need to maximize the use of bagasse.

 

  1. India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies first place in the production of gur and khandsari. The sugar industry comes under the ____________ group of industries. 

A Public sector 

B Cooperative sector 

C Private sector 

D Joint sector

 

Ans B Cooperative sector  

 

  1. Read the following statements about the cooperative sector and find the incorrect from the given options. 
  2. Cooperative Sector is owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers, or both. 
  3. This sector pools in the resources and share the profits or losses proportionately. 

III. This sector is jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. 

Codes 

A Only I 

B Both I and II 

C Only III 

D Both I

 

Ans C Only III

 

  1. Why are sugar mills perfectly convenient for the sector in which industries are owned by suppliers or producers of raw materials, workers, or both? With reference to the above context, infer the appropriate option. 

A Because this industry is seasonal in nature. 

B Due to its efficient methods of production. 

C Due to a better transport system. 

D Because raw material are bulky.

 

Ans A Because this industry is seasonal in nature.

 

  1. Why is there a high concentration of sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh? Select the best suitable option from the following in reference to the context. 

A Because Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugarcane. 

B Because labour is easily available in Uttar Pradesh. 

C Due to high consumption in Uttar Pradesh. 

D All of the above.

 

Ans A Because Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugarcane.

 

5 Mark Questions

 

Q1 What are the major drawbacks for the cotton textile industry? 

 

Ans Major drawbacks:

  1. India has a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn but its trade in readymade garments is only 4 percent of the world’s total.
  2. India’s spinning mills are competitive at the global level and capable of using all the fibres produced.
  3. But the weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn that is produced in the country. 
  4. There are some large and modern factories in these segments, but most of the productions are in fragmented small units, which cater to the local market.
  5. This mismatch is a major drawback for the industry. As a result, many Indian spinners export cotton yarn while garment manufacturers have to import fabric.

 

Q2 Why are jute mills concentrated along the Hugli river? Explain giving reasons. (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2018-19)

OR

“Jute industry is concentrated in the Hugli basin”. Validate the statement with three suitable reasons. (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER) 

 

Ans Reasons for concentration of jute mills along the Hugli river: 

  1. West Bengal is the storehouse of jute. It produces the highest quantity of jute.
  2. The industry requires a lot of water which is easily available from the Hoogly river. 
  3. Cheap labour is easily available because of migrating labour from neighbouring states of Bihar and Odisha.
  4. Inexpensive water transport in the river Hoogly is available. 
  5. A large urban sector in Kolkata provides banking, insurance and loan facilities. 
  6. Kolkata is a good harbour which can provide facilities for the export of jute products in various parts of the world.

 

Q3 What is the contribution of the manufacturing industry to the national economy?

 

Ans 1. Over the last two decades, the share of the manufacturing sector has stagnated to 17 percent of the GDP, which is required to be increased.

  1. The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade is around 7 per cent per annum, whereas the desired growth rate is 12 per cent.
  2. Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 per cent per annum. 
  3. With proper policies of the government and efforts by the industry to improve productivity, economists predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade.
  4. The Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with this objective.

 

Q4 Classify industries on the basis of ownership. 

 

Ans On the basis of ownership, industries can be classified as:

  1. Public Sector: These industries are aimed and operated by the government agencies.
  2. Private Sector: These industries are owned and operated by private entrepreneurs, eg., TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Reliance Industries, Dabur Industries, etc. 
  3. Joint Sector: These industries are jointly run by the state and individual or a group of individuals. Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sectors.
  4. Cooperative Sector: These industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool in the resources and share the profits or losses proportionately such as the sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in Kerala.

 

Q5 Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry in India. Explain any three objectives of National Jute Policy. (CBSE 2017)

 

Ans Challenges faced by the jute industry: 

  1. Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.
  2. To stimulate the demand of the products need to be diversified. 
  3. Stiff competition from the other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil etc.

Objective of National Jute policy:

  1. Increasing productivity 
  2. Improving quality.
  3. Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers.
  4. Enhancing the yield per hectare.

 

Q6 What is the current position of the automobile industry in India?

 

Ans 1. Automobile industry provides vehicles for quick transport of goods and passengers. 

  1. Trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles, scooters, three-wheelers and multi-utility vehicles are manufactured in India at various centres. 
  2. After the liberalisation, the coming in of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market, which led to the healthy growth of the industry including passenger cars, two and three-wheelers. 
  3. The industry had experienced a quantum industry with global developments. jump in less than 15 years. 
  4. Foreign Direct Investment brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global developments.

 

Q7 Why are sugar mills concentrated in sugarcane producing areas? Explain any three problems faced by the sugar industry in India. (CBSE 2016)

OR

Give reasons as to why the ideal location of sugar mills is near sugarcane producing areas. Support the statement with reasons.

 

Ans Sugar industries are concentrated in the sugarcane producing areas:

  1. Sugarcane is a perishable commodity, it loses its sucrose content if delays in transportation occurs, so it needs to be in the nearby place.
  2. Sugarcane is bulky and perishable, so transportation costs are reduced. 
  3. Near it is to the production area, its production automatically increases.
  4. The raw material used in the sugar mills, that sugarcane is bulky.
  5. In haulage, its sucrose content reduces.

Challenges:

  1. Seasonal nature of the industry. 
  2. Old and inefficient methods of production.
  3. Transport delays in reaching cane to the mills,
  4. Need to maximise the use of bagasse. 

 

Q8 Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy. (CBSE 2017)

 

Ans Role of chemical industries in the Indian Economy: 

  1. It contributes approximately 3% of the GDP.
  2. It is the 3rd largest in Asia and occupies the 12th place in the world. 
  3. It compromises both large and small scale manufacturing units.
  4. Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors. 
  5. Organic chemicals include petrochemicals which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibers, rubber, plastics, and dye stuff.
  6. Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, fertilizers, fibers, plastics, adhesives, synthetic paints etc. 
  7. The chemical industry is its own largest consumer.

 

Q9 Suggest any five measures to control industrial pollution in India. (CBSE 2017)

 

Ans Measures To Control Industrial Pollution

  1. Minimizing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages
  2. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements
  3. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds.
  4. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases 
  5. Primary treatment by mechanical means involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation., Secondary treatment by biological process, Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This Involves recycling of wastewater.
  6. Overdrawing of groundwater needs to be regulated legally. 
  7. Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
  8. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories. 
  9. Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
  10. Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.
  11. Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.

 

Q10 How is the manufacturing sector considered the backbone of economic development of the country? Explain any three points in this regard.

OR

“The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.” Support the statement with arguments. (CBSE 2016)

 

Ans Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of our country due to following reasons: 

  1. Manufacturing Industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
  2. Industrial development eradicates unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. 
  3. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
  4. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of high value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

 

Q11 “Agriculture gives a boost to the Industrial Sector.” Support the statement with arguments. 

 

Ans Agriculture and Industry are not exclusive to each other. 

  1. They move hand in hand.
  2. The Agro-Industry in India has given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity
  3. They depend on agriculture for raw material and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastics and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. to the farmers. 
  4. Thus, development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient. 

 

Q12 “The textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy.” Justify.

OR

Explain the contribution of the textile industry in the Indian economy. (CBSE 2017)

 

Ans Textile Industry occupies unique position in Indian economy due to following reasons: 

  1. It occupies a unique position in the Indian economy because it contributes significantly to industrial production (14 percent). 
  2. It employs about 35 million people directly and earns foreign exchange of about 24.6 per cent. The second largest after agriculture.
  3. The industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton ball pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. 
  4. The handspun Khadi provides large scale employment to weavers in their haves as cottage industry. 
  5. India exports yarn to Japan and exports cotton goods to USA, UK, Russia, France, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and African countries. It helps in earning foreign exchange about 24.6%. 
  6. We have a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn, accounting for one tenth of the total trade.
  7. One spinning mills are competitive at the global land and capable of using all the fibres we produce. 
  8. It contributes 4 per cent to our GDP. This industry is self-reliant and complete in the value chain from raw material to the highest value added products. 

 

Q13 Why have the demands of Jute products increased internally as well as globally? 

 

Ans The demand for jute products has increased internally as well as globally due to following reasons:

  1. Jute is a biodegradable product and due to invasion of plastics, Jute is needed for being environment friendly. 
  2. Many countries want to get rid of plastic bags and replace them with environment  friendly jute bags.
  3. Jute industry also supports a large number of marginal farmers who are engaged in cultivation of Jute and Mesta in countries like India and Bangladesh.
  4. Internal demand has increased in India due to the Government’s policy of Jute Packaging.

 

Q14 Why is the aluminium smelting industry close to the power sector? Describe other important factors for location of aluminium smelting. Why is this industry gaining importance? Give reasons. 

 

Ans 1. Aluminium smelting industry is close to the power sector as regular supply of electricity is the prerequisite for the industry.

  1. 18,600 Kwh of electricity is needed per ton of bauxite ore for manufacturing aluminium. Aluminium smelting plants in the country are located in Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.

Aluminium Industry is gaining power due to following reasons: 

  1. It is light, resistant to corrosion a good conductor of heat, malleable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals
  2. It is used for manufacturing aircrafts, utensils and wires. 
  3. It has gained popularity as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries.

Factors of Location:

Bauxite, the raw material used in the smelters, is a very bulky, dark reddish coloured rock. 

 

Q15 Examine the impact of liberalisation on the automobile industry in India.

 

Ans 1. Automobiles provide vehicles for quick transport of goods, services and passengers.

  1. This Industry had experienced a quantum jump in less than 15 years. 
  2. Foreign direct investment brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global developments.
  3. Now you have any latest automobile vehicle launched in any part of the world and simultaneously it is launched in our country.
  4. After liberalisation, the coming in of new and contemporary models stimulated for vehicles in the market, which led to the healthy growth of the industry including passenger the demand cars, two and three wheelers.

 

Q16 NTPC has set an example of a pollution-free industry. How is it possible? Explain.

 

Ans 1.Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.

  1. Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation. 
  2. Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance.
  3. Addressing the question of special purpose vehicles of afforestation. 
  4. Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management. 
  5. Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

 

Q17 ‘The challenge of sustainable development requires control over industrial pollution.’ Substantiate the statement with examples. (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2019-20)

 

Ans 1. On one hand Industries lead to extensive industrial growth and expansion, on the other hand these are also the cause of environmental degradation which prompt the different types of air, water pollution. 

  1. There is an increasing requirement to use a further sustainable model. 
  2. Industries must produce eco-friendly products and dump wastes responsibly. 
  3. Use of latest technology can help industries to control pollution and lead towards a sustainable mode of operation. 
  4. Industries use- Reuse-Recycle-Refuse approach. 
  5. If necessary, dump waste in specified places, away from the land and water sources, for example- before dumping treat well and make it useful for other than drinking purposes, stop using thermal plants in some of the locations.

 

Map Based Questions

 

Q1 On the map of India, mark the major textile industries using appropriate symbols.

 

Ans 

major textile industries

 

Image Credit: https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/textile-industry-map.html

Q2 On the map of India, mark the major iron and steel plants using appropriate symbols.

  1. Salem- Iron and Steel industry (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2019-20)
  2. Bhadravati iron and steel plant

 

Ans

the major iron and steel plants

 

Q3 On the map of India, mark the major software technology parks using appropriate symbols.

  1. Noida Software Technology Park (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2019-20) (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2021-22) (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2022-23)
  2. Bengaluru Software Technology Park (CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2020-21)

 

Ans

major software technology parks