Outcomes of Democracy Class 10 Political Science Chapter 7 Question Answers

 

 

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy Important Question Answers

 

Outcomes of Democracy Important Question Answers – Given in this post is NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy. The important questions we have compiled will help the students to brush up on their knowledge about the subject. Students can practice Class 10 Political Science important questions to understand the subject better and improve their performance in the board exam. The NCERT solutions provided here will also give students an idea about how to write the answers.

 

Related – Outcomes of Democracy Lesson Explanation

 

Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark each)

1. What is the most popular form of government in the contemporary world?

1. Democracy 
2. Dictatorship
3. Monarchy 
4. None

Answer – A. Democracy 

 

2. In the context of democracies, which of the following ideas is correct – democracies have successfully eliminated:

1. conflicts among people
2. economic inequalities among people
3. differences of opinion about how marginalised sections are to be treated
4. the idea of political inequality

Answer – D. The idea of political inequality 

 

3. In the context of assessing democracy which among the following is odd one out. Democracies need to ensure:

1. free and fair elections
2. dignity of the individual
3. majority rule 
4. equal treatment before law

Answer – C. Majority rule 

 

4. Studies on political and social inequalities in democracy show that

1. democracy and development go together. 
2. inequalities exist in democracies
3. inequalities do not exist under dictatorship.
4. dictatorship is better than democracy.

Answer – B. Inequalities exist in democracies

 

5. democracy is better because it:

1. promotes inequality among individuals 
2. enhances the dignity of an individual 
3. degrades decision-making 
4. does not allow correction of mistakes

Answer- B. enhances the dignity of an individual

 

6. countries with democratic politics include:

1. formal constitutions
2. elections 
3. guaranteed citizens’ rights 
4. All of the above 

Answer – D. All of the above 

 

7. how many countries of the world claim and practice some kind of democratic politics?

1. All 
2. Over a hundred 
3. Just a few
4. Over two hundred

Answer – B. Over a hundred

 

8. In a democracy, a citizen has the right and means to examine the process of decision making, this is called-

1. Legitimacy 
2. Responsibility 
3. Transparency 
4. Fundamental duty 

Answer – C. Transparency 

 

9. On which of the following practices and institutions can the accountability of government and involvement of people in decision-making process in a democracy be measured?

1. Regular, free and fair elections
2. Transparency 
3. Public debate on major policies and legislation
4. All of the above 

Answer – D. All of the above 

 

10. Decisions taken by which of the following types of government are likely to be more acceptable and effective?

1. Dictatorship 
2. Democracy 
3. Monarchy 
4. All of the above 

Answer – B. Democracy 

 

11. Which regime can fully and permanently resolve conflicts among different groups?

1. Democracy 
2. Dictatorship 
3. All regimes 
4. No regime 

Answer – D. No regime 

 

12. What leads to accountability in a democracy?

1. Openness to public debates on policies and legislation
2. Corruption 
3. Guaranteed Economic development 
4. Free and fair elections

Answer – A. Openness to public debates on policies and legislation

 

13. The democracies are very much different from each other in terms of:

1. Social situations
2. Economic achievements 
3. Cultures 
4. All of the above 

Answer – D. All of the above 

 

14. In a democracy, we are most concerned with ensuring that:

1. People have the right to choose their rulers
2. People have control over rulers 
3. People have fundamental rights 
4. Both A. and B. 

Answer – D. Both A. and B. 

 

15. Democracy is based on the idea of:

1. Rule by majority 
2. Economic growth
3. Deliberation and negotiation
4. Freedom and Monarchy

Answer – C. Deliberation and negotiation

 

16. the most basic outcome of democracy should be that it produces a government that is:

1. accountable 
2. responsive
3. efficient 
4. both A. and B.

Answer – D. Both A. and B.

 

17. In which of the following countries, do the top 20% of the people own the maximum share of national income?

1. USA 
2. South Africa 
3. Denmark 
4. Russia 

Answer – B. south Africa 

 

18. In which of the following countries, do the top 20% of the people own the minimum share of national income?

1. USA 
2. Russia 
3. Brazil 
4. Hungary 

Answer – D. Hungary 

 

19. In which of the following countries, do the bottom 20% of the people own the maximum share of national income?

1. USA 
2.   Russia 
3.   Brazil 
4.   Hungary 

Answer – D. Hungary 

 

20. democracies often have delayed decision making because:

1. the rulers do not bother about deliberation in assemblies
2. rulers do not worry about public opinion 
3. democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation
4. democracy is not a legitimate form of government 

Answer – C. Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation

 

21. The democratic government will take more time to follow procedures before arriving at a decision, hence decisions will be both:

1. More acceptable, less effective
2. Less acceptable, less effective 
3. More acceptable, more effective 
4. Less acceptable, more effective 

Answer – C. More acceptable, more effective 

 

22. Which factor is often missing from a non-democratic government?

1. Transparency 
2. Unaccountability
3. Irresponsibility 
4. Illegitimate government 

Answer – A. transparency 

 

23. Most democracies fall short of elections that:

1. Are Regularly held
2. Are Free 
3. Provide a fair chance to everyone
4. All of the above 

Answer – C. Provide a fair chance to everyone

 

24. Democratic governments do not have a very good record when it comes to:

1. Sharing information with citizens
2. Holding regular elections
3. Setting up conditions for open public debate
4. None of the above 

Answer – A. sharing information with citizens

 

25. Democracies – 

1. Are free of corruption
2. Have routine tales of corruption
3. Often frustrate the needs of the people
4. Both A. and C. 

Answer – D. Both A. and C.

 

26. There is s an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world as a democratic government is- 

1. Slow and less efficient 
2. Not always responsive 
3. Peoples’ own government 
4. Corruption-ridden

Answer – C. Peoples’ own government 

 

27. The word democracy is formed by which two words?

1. Demo and cratia 
2. Demo and Kratia 
3. Demos and Kratia 
4. Demos and cracy 

Answer – C. Demos and Kratia

 

28. _________ democracies did not produce expected economic growth.

1. No 
2. A few 
3. Many 
4. All 

Answer- C. Many 

 

29. In which of the following south Asian countries is dictatorship preferred over democracy?

1. India 
2. Pakistan 
3. Sri Lanka 
4. Bangladesh 

Answer – B. Pakistan

 

30. If you consider all democracies and all dictatorships for the fifty years between 1950 and 2000, dictatorships have _____________ rate of economic growth.

1. Lower 
2. Much lower 
3. Extremely higher 
4. Slightly higher 

Answer – D. Slightly higher 

 

31. Which of the following is not a feature of democracy?

1. Rule of citizens 
2. Guaranteed economic growth 
3. Monopoly over political power 
4. Both B. and C. 

Answer – D. Both B. and C.

 

32. Democracy is not a guarantee for economic development.

1. True 
2. False 
3. Does not matter as an outcome 
4. Nothing can be said.

Answer – A. True 

 

33. Which of the following is the way of resolving conflicts in a democratic nation?

1. Through legislature 
2. Through mass mobilisation 
3. Through judiciary 
4. All of the above 

Answer – D. all of the above 

 

34. Democracy is preferable as:

1. It is legitimate 
2. It is corruption free 
3. It leads to economic growth 
4. It has popular support all over the world 

Answer – A. It is legitimate 

 

35. In Bangladesh, more than ______ of its population lives in poverty.

1. One third 
2. One fourth 
3. Half 
4. Three-fourth

Answer – C. Half

 

36. As far as social, economic and cultural achievements are concerned, democracies are ____

1. Quite similar 
2. Very different from each other 
3. Exactly the same 
4. All the same 

Answer – B. Very different from each other

 

37. Why is the decision-making process rather slow in democracies?

1. The legislature is incompetent
2. Democracy is based on idea of deliberation and negotiation
3. People do not wish more decisions be made 
4. There is no need to hasten the process

Answer – B. Democracy is based on idea of deliberation and negotiation.

 

38. In which one of the following countries, more than half of the population lives in poverty?

1. Pakistan 
2. Bangladesh 
3. Myanmar 
4. Nepal 

Answer – B. Bangladesh

 

39. What is most superiorly promoted by democracies?

1. Corruption 
2. Economic development 
3. Individual dignity
4. Social conflicts 

Answer – C. Individual dignity 

 

40. What type of elections should be there in a democracy?

1. Free 
2. Fair 
3. Regular 
4. All of these 

Answer – D. All of these 

 

41. Which of the following is not a feature of democracy?

1. Independent judiciary 
2. Free and fair elections 
3. Preference to a particular religion 
4. Public debates 

Answer – C. Preference to a particular religion

 

42. People in which of the following nations have the most belief on the idea that their vote makes a difference?

1. India 
2. Pakistan 
3. Sri Lanka 
4. Nepal 

Answer – D. Nepal 

 

43. People in which of the following nations have the most belief on the idea that their vote makes a difference?

1. India 
2. Pakistan 
3. Sri Lanka 
4. Nepal 

Answer – B. Pakistan 

 

44. Democracy is based upon the idea of:

1. Liberalism and radicalism 
2. Fraternity and rule of law 
3. Deliberation and negotiation 
4. Transparency and legitimacy 

Answer – C. deliberation and negotiation

 

45. “One person one vote” emphasises on:

1. Political equality
2. Elections 
3. Social and cultural equality 
4. Equality before law

Answer – A. Political equality

 

46. Among the following, which country has the highest support for democracy?

1. India 
2. Bangladesh
3. Pakistan 
4. None of the above 

Answer – A. India 

 

47. Which of the following is/are true regarding democracies?

1. Majority and minority opinions are not permanent
2. Accountability is the most basic outcome 
3. Economic growth is not guaranteed 
4. All of the above 

Answer – D. all of the above 

 

48. Democratic governments have ________ when it comes to sharing information with citizens.

1. A bad record 
2. A very good record 
3. Lack of experience 
4. Nothing 

Answer- B. a very good record 

 

49. Which of the following statements are true about a democracy?

1. Democratic Government is legitimate
2. Democratic Government may be slow, less efficient, and not always very responsive or clean.
3. Democratic Government is the people’s own Government.
4. All the above given statements are true.

Answer – D. all the above statements are true 

 

50. Which of the following is true for a non-democratic regime?

1. Less time is taken in decision making 
2. Popular opinion is considered 
3. There is an atmosphere for public debates 
4. Internal differences are not suppressed

Answer – A. Less time is taken in decision making 

 

Related – 

• Outcomes of Democracy Important Question Answers
• Outcomes of Democracy MCQ Question Answers

 

Very Short Answer Type (1 mark each)

 

1. What brings transparency to a democracy?

Answer – A citizen of a democracy has the right and means to examine the process of decision making, this is known as transparency.

 

2. Why does delay in decision making occur in a democracy?

Answer -Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation; this leads to delays in decision making.

 

3. What makes the cost of time that democracy pays in making decisions worth it?

Answer -The democratic government will take more time to follow procedures before arriving at a decision, this will lead to the decisions being both more acceptable and effective hence making the time worth it.

 

4. Give any two basic features of a democratic government.

Answer -The most basic features of a democratic government are that it is accountable to the citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.

 

5. What are the policies and institutions to look for in a democracy for measurement of its outcomes? (Any two)

Answer -The following practices and institutions are to be looked for: regular, free and fair elections; open public debate on major policies and legislations; and citizens’ right to information about the government and its functioning. (Any two to be written)

 

6. What expectations do most democracies fall short of?

Answer -Most democracies fall short of elections that provide a fair chance to everyone and in subjecting every decision to public debate.

• Identify the challenges to democracy in the following 3 descriptions:

7. Following a High Court directive, a temple in Orissa that had separate entry doors for Dalits and non-Dalits allowed entry for all from the same door.

Answer -The challenge to democracy in the above situation is the provision of equal rights and status to all individuals irrespective of differences like caste.

 

8. A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India.

Answer -The challenge to democracy here is providing economic support and agency to weaker sections of the society, for example subsidies to farmers in crisis.

 

9. Following allegation of killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an enquiry has been ordered.

Answer -The challenge to democracy here is gain and preserve people’s trust in the government and its agencies and institutions like the police.

 

10. Mention factors upon which the economic development of a nation depends.

Answer -Economic development depends on several factors: country’s population size, global situation, cooperation from other countries, etc.

 

11. How can you say that democracies are based on political equality? (2015 OD)

Answer –Democracies are based on political equality as each individual has political equality in elections.

 

12. How is democracy not simply the rule by majority opinion?

Answer –Majority and minority opinions are not permanent and majority needs to work with minority so that government may function to represent the general view.

 

13. ‘The fact that people are complaining is itself a testimony to the success of democracy’- How?

Answer -People complain when they are aware and have developed the ability to expect and to look critically at power holders.

 

14. How does a public expression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows the success of the democratic project?

Answer -A public expression of dissatisfaction transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citizen.

 

Related – Class 10 History, Geography and Political Science Important Questions 

 

Short Answer Type Questions (3 marks each)

1. Which two conditions must a democracy fulfil to be capable of handling social differences, divisions and conflicts? Explain.

Answer – A democracy must fulfil two conditions in order to achieve the capability of handling social differences, divisions and conflicts:

1. It is necessary to understand that democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments function to represent the general view. Majority and minority opinions are not permanent.
2. It is also necessary that rule by majority does not become rule by majority community in terms of religion or race or linguistic group, etc. Rule by majority means that in case of every decision or in case of every election, different persons and groups may and can form a majority. Democracy remains democracy only as long as every citizen has a chance of being in majority.

 

2. On the basis of which values will it be a fair expectation that democracy should produce a harmonious social life? Explain. 

[CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2017]

Answer – The fundamental principles of democracy are

(a) Social Justice; 

(b) Freedom; and 

(c) resolution of Economic disparities 

(d) justice- political, civic and social 

(e) fundamental rights.

 

Furthermore, the following is clear-

1. In a democracy, the supreme power is bestowed in the representatives and the people of the population is chosen by the electorate based on the universal adult franchise. It encourages equality among citizens.
2. It looks out for the interests of the citizens.
3. It enables accommodation of social differences and diversity.

 

3. Analyse any three values that make democracy better. [CBSE Delhi, 2017]

Answer – the following three values make democracy a better and more preferable form of government-

(i) It guarantees equality to all citizens. All citizens of the state or country have an equal right to choose their representatives, or examine the decision-making procedure.

(ii) It offers strategies for resolving disputes and conflicts; in other words, it promotes discussions and room for correction of mistakes, as well as accommodation of various kinds of differences and diversity.

(iii) Upholds citizens’ rights; each and every citizen has their fundamental rights guaranteed.

 

4. How is democratic government a ‘legitimate government’? Explain with examples.

[CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 3, 2017]

Answer – 

Democratic Government is known as a legitimate government for the following reasons-

(i)  A democracy results in a government that is responsive to and accountable to the people.

(ii) it enables all citizens to participate in decision-making whenever they want as they have rights and means to do so.

(iii) If any citizen wanted to measure democracy on the basis of expected outcome, they would look for the 

following practices and institutions— regular free and fair election, open public debate on major 

policies and legislation.

 

5. ‘‘Democracy accommodates social diversities. Support the statement with examples.

[CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 2, 2016]

Answer – Following are some ways by which a democracy accommodates social diversity: 

1.  Fairness and equality are preserved. Each person is given equal weight regardless of their caste, creed, gender, colour, etc.
2. It guarantees that the majority always works collaboratively with the minority.
3. It never tries to give anyone in the majority an unfair advantage.
4. The majority and minority opinions are not even permanent and every citizen has a fair chance of being in the majority at some point of time.

 

6. How is democracy accountable and responsive to the need and expectations of the citizens? Analyse.

[CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]

Answer – Democracy is the rule of the people, and hence it has to be accountable and responsive- which is also the most basic aspect of democracy.
i) People have the right to select their representatives in democracies and they only will be rule above them.
ii) Everybody expects the government to fulfil the needs and expectations of the people. And people are aware and look critically at their governments / rulers.
(iii) It is expected that the democratic government develops mechanisms for accountability, for the citizens to hold the government 

accountable.

 

7. “There is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world.” Support the statement.

[CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 3, 2015]

 

Answer – 

1. Democracies lead to accountable and responsive kinds of government. Citizens have the rights and means to examine the decision-making procedure as well.
2. In a democracy, there is respect for social differences and there is a possibility for evolution of mechanisms to negotiate the differences- hence accommodating social diversity.
3. Democracies guarantee the dignity and freedom of individuals. The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy.
4. The decision making involves procedures and hence the decisions made in a democracy are more acceptable and effective.

 

8. Explain the relationship between democracy and development.

[CBSE 2012]

Answer – the following points describe the relationship between democracy and development.

1. Development is anticipated in democracies. 
2. Economic development, however, is not guaranteed in a democracy as it depends on several factors like the country’s population size, global situation, cooperation from other countries, etc.
3. Also, deliberation and decision-making take time. But as decision making involves procedures, the decisions are accepted more widely and are more effective.

 

9. State any three merits of democracy.

Answer – (Any three)

1. In a democracy, citizens are able to not only participate in decision making whenever possible, but also examine the policies and legislation. This leads to an accountable and responsive government.
2. Democracies accommodate and negotiate social differences rather than suppressing them. 
3. Democracies uphold and promote g dignity and freedom of the individual.
4. Democracies are based on political equality. All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives.

 

10. ‘It may be reasonable to expect from a democracy a government that is attentive to the needs and demands of the people and is largely free of corruption.’ Explain this statement in three points.

Answer – 

1. Democracies frequently ignore the needs of the majority of the population while frustrating their needs. Also, Routine tales of corruption are enough to convince us that democracy is not free of this evil.
2. All one can say in favour of democratic regimes is that they are much better than any non-democratic regime in these respects.
3. As democracy involves the selection and examination of the rulers by the citizens themselves, it is, in substantive terms, reasonable to expect from democracy a government that is attentive to the needs and demands of the people and is largely free of corruption.

 

11. “The cost of time that democracy pays is perhaps worth it.” Justify.

[CBSE 2014]

Answer – 

1. Consider a government that has the ability to act quickly. 
2. However, it might make decisions that are not popular and hence run into issues. 
3. The democratic administration, in contrast, will take more time to follow protocol before making a decision. 
4. But because it has followed procedures, its decisions may be both more acceptable to the people and more effective.
5. So, the cost of time that democracy pays is perhaps worth it.

 

Related – CBSE Class 10 Poltical Science Chapter-wise Explanation, Notes, Question Answers

 

Source Based Questions (1 X 4 = 4 marks each)

 

Look at the following image and answer the questions that follow-

 

Image credits – 

NCERT, Textbook in History for class 10 – ‘India and the Contemporary World’.

1. Does democracy guarantee economic growth?

No, it does not.

2. What kind of regimes have a slightly better record of economic growth?

Dictatorial regimes have had a slightly better record of economic growth.

3. Name any 2 countries wherein the top 20 per cent people take away more than 60 per cent of the national income.

South Africa and Brazil.

4. Name any 2 countries who have lesser percentages of wealth being taken away by the top 20%.

Hungary and Denmark

 

Related – Class 10 Geography MCQs

 

Long Answer Type  (5 marks each)

1. ‘‘Democratic system is better than any other form of government.’’ Support the statement with examples. [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]

Answer – 

The democratic system is superior to all other types of government for the reasons listed below.

 

1. It encourages societal equality.

The citizens have a fair weight in electing their representatives, enjoy equal rights and freedom and have the same share in decision making as well.

1. It raises the standard of decision making.

Since it includes a procedure of deliberations and negotiations, followed by examinations, the decisions are slow but more effective and quality.

1. It raises the dignity of the individual.

The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy. Democracies throughout the world have recognised this, at least in principle.

1. allows room for error correction.

People get to change their rulers regularly and there are multiple opportunities to correct decisions , whether in elections or legislations.

1. It offers a technique for resolving issues.

Democracy brings in respect and accommodation for social differences in this manner.

 

2. “Democracies lead to peaceful; and harmonious life among citizens.” Support the statement with examples. [CBSE Delhi, Set 3, 2020]

Answer – 

No society has a long-term answer to the problems that can arise when different groups differ.

However, democracy offers the chance to evolve mechanisms to negotiate the differences and decide what is in the best interest for all people.

Democracy ensures that all groups, especially minorities and women, are included and their interests accommodated in the decision-making process.

Democracies decrease the chances of disputes or violent conflicts.

Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is thus a definite plus point of democratic regimes.

 

A democracy must fulfil two conditions in order to achieve this outcome:

1. Majority and minority opinions are not permanent and both need to collaborate so that governments function to represent the general view.
2. Rule by majority means that in case of every decision or in case of every election, different persons and groups may and can form a majority.

 

3. Describe the importance of democratic government as an accountable and legitimate government. [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019]

Answer – 

1. Democracy makes for a responsible administration by allowing for regular, free, and fair elections wherein All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives.
2. Democracy provides its citizens with the right to information regarding the government and how it works. Each citizen has the right and means to do so.
3. All topics are discussed and decisions are made in light of prevailing public opinion, as democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation.
4. Democracy offers an accountable and responsive government formed by elected officials, people’s representatives. 
1. Democracy fosters trust among citizens of a nation by following regulations outlined in the constitution.

 

4. Describe any five outcomes of democracy. [CBSE Delhi, Set 2, 2019]

Answer – The following are 5 outcomes of democracy- 

(i) In a democracy, the people have the power to choose who will serve as their representatives in government. It is a valid government since it is the people’s own government.

(ii) Democracy guarantees that the decision is based on customs and standards procedures. The government adheres to each and every requirement and is responsible to the public.

(iii) Opposition parties are crucial in democracies. They challenge and criticise the actions of governmental bodies. This guarantees that the laws now in effect are not either biased or authoritarian.

(iv) Democracies uphold human dignity and the value of each individual in a country.

(v) Democracy fosters faith and trust in the the law and the constitution

among citizens.

 

5. ‘‘Democracy is very important for promoting dignity and freedom of citizens.’’ Support the statement with arguments. [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2017]

Answer – 

1. The foundation of democracy focuses on respect and freedom for all individuals and diverse groups alike.
2. The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy. Democracies throughout the world have recognised this, at least in principle.
3. Equality is the cornerstone of democracy.
4. In a democracy, everyone is treated with dignity and fairness. Women and other marginalised sections are equally essential components of the political system.
5. A legal foundation based on the principles of personal liberty and respect.
6. Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated castes for equal status and equal opportunity
7. There are instances still of caste-based inequalities and atrocities, but these lack the moral and legal foundations. Perhaps it is the recognition that makes ordinary citizens value their democratic rights.

 

6. “Democracy stands much superior in promoting dignity and freedom of the citizens.” Justify the statement.

[CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 3, 2016]

Answer – Democracy stands much superior in promoting dignity and freedom of the citizens in the following ways- 

(i) By advancing political and legal equality for women and the marginalised sections in the population by upholding fundamental rights

(ii)By Providing minorities with safety and representation through various safeguards as well as equal weight to all individuals when it comes to political elections and decision making.

(iii) This will offer people a voice in politics. A voice for lower classes of society, as well as expansion of democratic participation
(iv) By doing so, women, lower castes and other marginalised groups can fight for justice.
(v) By allowing citizens to choose their own government through political involvement ultimately leading to upheld dignity and freedom of individuals.
 

7. “Some people think that democracy produces a less effective government.” Analyse the statement.

Answer – 

1. Non-democratic leaders do not have to be concerned with assembly deliberation or public opinion or majorities. They are capable of making decisions quickly and effectively. 
2. But since they have not gone through any procedures it may take decisions that are not accepted by the people and may therefore face problems.
3. In contrast, the democratic government will take more time to follow procedures before arriving at a decision.
4. But because it has followed procedures, its decisions may be both more acceptable to the people and more effective. So, the cost of time that democracy pays is perhaps worth it.
5. Citizens have the right and the means to examine the process of decision making. This is known as transparency.
6. If we were to measure democracies on the basis of this expected outcome, we would look for the following practices and institutions: regular, free and fair elections; open public debate on major policies and legislations; and citizens’ right to information about the government and its functioning.