Poverty As A Challenge Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 MCQs, Question Answers

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 Poverty As A Challenge 

Poverty As A Challenge Class 9 – Given in this post is NCERT Solutions Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 Poverty As A Challenge  Important Question Answers. The important questions we have compiled will help the students to brush up on their knowledge about the subject. Students can practice Class 9 Poverty As A Challenge important questions to understand the subject better and improve their performance in the board exam. The NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science (Economics) provided here will also give students an idea about how to write the answers.

 

Multiple Choice Questions  (1 Mark Each)

1. One of the most difficult challenges faced by independent India is –

  1. Racism
  2. Imperialism
  3. Poverty
  4. Unfair elections

Answer – C. Poverty

2. Which country has the largest single concentration of the poor in the world?

  1. Bangladesh
  2. Pakistan
  3. Nepal
  4. India

Answer – D. India

3. Every _______ person in India is poor.

  1. Fourth
  2. Third
  3. Other
  4. All of the above

Answer – A. Fourth

4. Which of the following are issues related to poverty?

  1. Landlessness
  2. Unemployment
  3. Size of families
  4. All of the above

Answer – D. All of the above

5. Bihar and Orissa are the ___________ states in India.

  1. Richest
  2. Most populous
  3. Poorest
  4. Costliest

Answer – C. Poorest

6. When was the MNREGA introduced?

  1. 2000
  2. 2003
  3. 2005
  4. 1993

Answer – C. 2005

7. Which one of the following aims to provide 100 days of wage employment to every household in rural areas?

    1. PMGY
    2. MNREGA
    3. AAY
    4. PMRY

Answer – B. MNREGA

8. What does AAY (a government scheme) stand for?

      1. Antyodaya Awaas Yojana
      2. Antyodaya Aayush Yozana
      3. Antyodaya Anna Yozana
      4. No such scheme exists

Answer – C. Antyodaya Anna Yozana

9. In which year was the Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yozana (PMGY) launched?

      1. 2000
      2. 2005
      3. 1993
      4. 1999

Answer – A. 2000

10. A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the programme under the _______ Five Year plan.

      1. Fifth
      2. Twelfth
      3. Eleventh
      4. Tenth

Answer – D. Tenth

11. Under which programme has the target for creating 25 lakh new jobs been set?

      1. Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP)
      2. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yozana (PMGY)
      3. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
      4. All of the above

Answer – A. Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP)

12. When was the Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) launched?

      1. 1993
      2. 1995
      3. 1999
      4. 2005

Answer – B. 1995

13. When was the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) launched?

      1. 1993
      2. 1995
      3. 1999
      4. 2005

Answer – C. 1999

14. When was Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yozana (PMGY) launched?

      1. 1993
      2. 1995
      3. 1999
      4. 2000

Answer – D. 2000

 

Very Short Answer Type  (1 Mark Each)

1. What is the poverty line?
Ans: The poverty line is a common method used to measure poverty is based on the income or consumption levels.

2. What is the present formula for food requirement while estimating the poverty line based on?
Ans: The present formula for food requirement while estimating the poverty line is based on the desired calorie requirement.

3. What do the calorie needs of a person depend upon?
Ans: The calorie needs vary depending on age, sex and the type of work that a person does.

4. What is the accepted average calorie requirement in India?
Ans: The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in urban areas.

5. Why are calorie requirements in rural areas are considered to be higher than urban areas?
Ans: People living in rural areas engage themselves in more physical work. Hence, they need more calories.

6. What was the poverty line in the year 2011-12 for rural areas?
Ans: Rupees 816 per month was the poverty line in the year 2011-12 for rural areas.

7. What was the poverty line in the year 2011-12 for urban areas?
Ans: Rupees 1000 per month was the poverty line in the year 2011-12 for rural areas.

8. What percentage of India’s population was living below the poverty line in 2011-12?
Ans: 25% of India’s population was living below the poverty line in 2011-12.

9. Why is a higher amount has been fixed for poverty line in urban areas despite the fact that calorie requirement is lesser?
Ans: The higher amount has been fixed due to high prices of many essential products in urban centres.

10. How is the poverty line revised periodically?
Ans: The poverty line is estimated roughly every five years by sample surveys conducted by the NSSO.

11. What is the NSSO?
Ans: The National Sample Survey Organisation is the organisation which conducts sample surveys to estimate ethe poverty line.

12. What is the uniform standard for the poverty line?
Ans: The uniform standard for the poverty line is minimum availability of the equivalent of $1 per person per day.

13. Why does the uniform standard for the poverty line exist?
Ans: For making comparisons between developing countries, many international organisations like the World Bank use a uniform standard for the poverty line.

14. What was the poverty ratio of India in 2011-12?
Ans: 25.7% was India’s poverty ratio in 2011-12

15. Which social groups are more vulnerable to poverty?
Ans: Social groups which are most vulnerable to poverty are scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households.

16. Which economic groups are more vulnerable to poverty?
Ans: Among the economic groups, the most vulnerable groups are the rural agricultural labour households and the urban casual labour households.

17. Name the two poorest states of India.
Ans: Bihar and Orissa.

 

Short Answer Type 3 Marks Each

 

1.Describe what poverty means in real life situations.
Answer –

      1. Hunger and lack of shelter; parents are not able to send their children to school or a situation where sick people cannot afford treatment.
      2. Poverty also means lack of clean water and sanitation facilities. It also means lack of a regular job at a minimum decent level. 
      3. Above all it means living with a sense of helplessness.

2. Why would nobody want to be poor?
Answer –

      1. Poverty brings with it the lack of food, shelter, and basic necessities like education and healthcare.
      2. It may mean a lack of basic facilities like water, sanitation, hygiene etc.
      3. Above all it means living with a sense of helplessness.
      4. Poor people are in a situation in which they are ill-treated at almost every place such as farms, factories, government offices, etc.
      5. Obviously, nobody would like to live in poverty.

3. How is poverty seen by social scientists?
Answer –

      1. Since poverty has many facets, social scientists look at it through a variety of indicators. 
      2. Usually, the indicators used relate to the levels of income and consumption. 
      3. But now poverty is looked through other social indicators like illiteracy level, lack of general resistance due to malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, lack of job opportunities, lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation etc.
      4. Analysis of poverty based on social exclusion and vulnerability is now becoming very common

4. What is social exclusion and vulnerability?
Answer –

      • Social exclusion – it is a process through which individuals or groups are excluded from facilities, benefits and opportunities that others (their “betters”) enjoy. 
      • Example- the working of the caste system in India.
      • Vulnerability – Vulnerability to poverty is a measure, which describes the greater probability of certain communities (say, members of a backward caste) or individuals (such as a widow or a physically handicapped person) of becoming, or remaining, poor in the coming years.

5. Explain the concept of measuring poverty through a poverty line. How does it work?
Answer –

      1. The poverty line is a common method employed by social scientists to measure poverty is based on the income or consumption levels.
      2. A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given “minimum level” necessary to fulfil basic needs.
      3. What is necessary to satisfy basic needs is different at different times and in different countries. Therefore, poverty line may vary with time and place.

6. Name a few targeted anti-poverty schemes.
Answer –

The following is the list of a few targeted anti-poverty schemes-

      1. MNREGA – Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005
      2. PMRY – Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana, 1993
      3. REGP – Rural Employment Generation Programme, 1995
      4. SGSY – Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana, 1999
      5. PMGY – Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yozana, 2000
      6. AAY – Antyodaya Anna Yozana

7. Give some reasons for the less effectiveness of anti- poverty schemes by the government.
Answer –

Major reasons for less effectiveness of the anti – poverty schemes by the government are listed below-

      1. There is a lack of right targeting. In other words, the government planners, or executives have failed to meticulously identify the groups and the correct course of action required for their upliftment.
      2. There has also been an inherent dearth of proper implementation. Conventionally, the schemes brought forward by the government tend to have a complicated procedure to take advantage of, and this is worsened by lousy execution.
      3. Despite good intentions, the benefits of these schemes are not fully reached to the deserving poor.

 

8. Write a short note expressing your views on the official definition of poverty and its possible downsides.
Answer –
The official definition of poverty, however, captures only a limited part of what poverty really means to people. It is about a “minimum” subsistence level of living rather than a “reasonable” level of living. Many scholars advocate that we must broaden the concept into human poverty. A large number of people may have been able to feed themselves. But do they have education? Or shelter? Or health care? Or job security? Or self-confidence? Are they free from caste and gender discrimination? Is the practice of child labour still common? Worldwide experience shows that with development, the definition of what constitutes poverty also changes.

 

Long Answer Type  5 Marks Each

1. Write a short note on the global poverty scenario.
Answer –

      1. The world bank defines the people living on or less than 1.25$ per day as extremely poor.
      2. The proportion of people in developing countries living in extreme economic poverty —has fallen from 43 per cent in 1990 to 22 per cent in 2008.
      3. Although there has been a substantial reduction in global poverty, it is marked with great regional differences.
      4. Poverty declined substantially in China and Southeast Asian countries as a result of rapid economic growth and massive investments in human resource development.
      5. In the countries of South Asia (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan) the decline has not been as rapid.
      6. The Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations calls for reducing the proportion of people living on less than $1 a day to half the 1990 level by 2015.

2. Describe the different causes of poverty in India.
Answer –

There are a number of causes for the poverty in India- 

      1. One historical reason is the low level of economic development under the British colonial administration.
      2. Due to unequal distribution of land and other resources, there have been huge income inequalities which lead to high poverty rates.
      3. lions of rural poor. Many other socio-cultural and economic factors also are responsible for poverty. In order to fulfil social obligations and observe religious ceremonies, people in India, including the very poor, spend a lot of money.
      4. Small farmers need money to buy agricultural inputs like seeds, fertilizer, pesticides etc, which is usually borrowed. And indebtedness is both a cause and effect of poverty.

3. What is the need for targeted anti-poverty programmes?
Answer –

      1. Over a period of thirty years lasting up to the early eighties, there were little per capita income growth and not much reduction in poverty.
      2. Economic growth widens opportunities and provides the resources needed to invest in human development.
      3. However, the poor may not be able to take direct advantage from the opportunities created by economic growth.
      4. Moreover, growth in the agriculture sector is much below expectations. This has a direct bearing on poverty as a large number of poor people live in villages and are dependent on agriculture.
      5. In these circumstances, there is a clear need for targeted anti-poverty programmes.

4. Name and describe any 2 anti-poverty government schemes initiated by the central government.
Answer –

The following are 2 anti-poverty government schemes- 

      • Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005- 

MNREGA aims to provide 100 days of wage employment to every household to ensure livelihood security in rural areas. It also aimed at sustainable development to address the cause of drought, deforestation and soil erosion. One-third of the proposed jobs have been reserved for women.

      1. Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana (PMRY), 1993 – 

The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up small businesses and industries.

 

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