NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource
People as Resource Class 9 – Given in this post is NCERT Solutions Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource Important Question Answers. The important questions we have compiled will help the students to brush up on their knowledge about the subject. Students can practice Class 9 People as Resource important questions to understand the subject better and improve their performance in the board exam. The NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science (Economics) provided here will also give students an idea about how to write the answers.
MCQ Based Questions (1 Mark Each)
1. Population is _____________, not ____________ for the country.
A liability, an asset
A resource, an asset
An asset, a liability
A liability, a resource
Answer – C. An asset, a liability
2. Population becomes ________ capital when there is investment made in the form of education, training and medical care.
Working
Fixed
Labour
Human
Answer – D Human
3. ________ invested in human resource, it did not have any natural resource.
China
India
Bangladesh
Japan
Answer – D. Japan
4. In how many sectors have the economic activities been classified?
4
3
5
None of the above
Answer – B. 3
5. Activities like agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, are included in __________ sector.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
None of the above
Answer – A. Primary
6. Mining is an activity of the ___________ sector.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
None of the above
Answer – A. primary
7. Quarrying is an activity of the _____________ sector.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
None of the above
Answer – A. primary
8. Manufacturing is included in __________ sector.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
None of the above
Answer – B. Secondary
9. Activities like trade, transport, communication, banking are included in __________ sector.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
None of the above
Answer – C. Tertiary
10. Tourism and insurance are ______ activities.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
None of the above
Answer – C. Tertiary
11. Education is a ___________ economic activity.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
None of the above
Answer – C. Tertiary
12. The activities of the tertiary sector result in production of_________
Human resource
Goods
Services
Both B and C
Answer – D. Both B. and C.
13. How many parts do economic activities have?
2
3
4
None of the above
Answer – A. 2
14. What kind of economic activity includes production of goods or services including government service?
Market
Non- market
Tertiary
Primary
Answer – A. Market
15. Non-market activities are the production for _________
Self-consumption
Commerce
Trade
Transportation
Answer – A. Self-consumption
16. Why is there a division of labour between men and women in the family?
Historical reasons
Cultural reasons
Medical reasons
Both A and B
Answer – D. Both A and B
17. What helps an individual to make better use of the economic opportunities available before him?
Compensation
Education
Employment
None of the above
Answer – A. Education
18. Maternity leave and childcare are examples of systems for _______
Feminism
Social security
Gender equality
None of the above
Answer – B. Social security
19. Health is determined by –
Number of hospitals
Death rate
Life expectancy
Pharmaceuticals
Answer – C. Life expectancy
20. Illiterate and unhealthy population are a ________ for the economy.
Burden
Liability
Resource
Asset
Answer – B. Liability
21. What was the literacy rate of India in 1951?
16%
18%
70%
74%
Answer – B. 18%
22. What was the literacy rate of India in 2010-11?
16%
18%
70%
74%
Answer – D. 74%
23. In 2011, the state with highest literacy rate was______
Kerala
Tamil Nādu
Assam
Bihar
Answer – A. Kerala
24. In 2011, the state with lowest literacy rate was______
Kerala
Tamil Nādu
Assam
Bihar
Answer – D. Bihar
25. What was India’s life expectancy in 2011?
64 years
65 years
66 years
70 years
Answer – C. 66 years
26. Which of the following kinds of unemployment exist in rural areas?
Educated
Seasonal
Disguised
Both B and C
Answer – D. Both B. and C.
27. People who depend on agriculture usually face __________ unemployment.
Educated
Seasonal
Disguised
Both B and C
Answer – D. Both B and C
28. Which of the following kinds of unemployment exist in urban areas?
Educated
Seasonal
Disguised
Both B and C
Answer – A. Educated
Very Short Answer Type (1 Mark Each)
- What is human capital?
Ans: Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in them.
2. When does population become human capital?
Ans: Population becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form of education, training and medical care.
3. What is the main drawback of a huge population for a country?
Ans: The main drawback of a huge population is providing the population with food, education and access to health facilities.
4. Why is human capital the most superior kind of capital?
Ans: Human resource can make use of all other kinds of resources like land and capital.
5. What kind of investment can be made on human capital?
Ans: Spending resources on education and health for all, training of industrial and agricultural workers in the use of modern technology, useful scientific researches etc.
6. What has made countries like Japan developed?
Ans: Efficiency and the technology evolved by people have made the countries like Japan rich/developed.
7. Name the two parts of economic activities.
Ans: Economic activities have two parts — market activities and non-market activities.
8. What is meant by Market economic activities?
Ans: Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs i.e., activity performed for pay or profit.
9. Give a few examples of market economic activities.
Ans: Market economic activities include production of goods or services including government service.
10. What is meant by non-market economic activities?
And: Non-market activities are the production for self-consumption.
11. What is included in non-market economic activities?
Ans: Non- market economic activities include consumption and processing of primary product and own account production of fixed assets.
12. What has been introduced in schools to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status?
Ans: Mid-day meal scheme has been implemented for the above stated purpose.
13. When is unemployment said to exist?
Ans: Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the going wages cannot find jobs.
14. When does seasonal unemployment happen?
Ans: Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year.
15. What is disguised unemployment?
Ans: In case of disguised unemployment people appear to be employed. More people do the same amount of work without making any addition to the productivity.
16. What is educated unemployment?
Ans: This is a common phenomenon in urban areas where educated and competent youth are unable to find employment.
Short Answer Type (3 Marks Each)
1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?
Answer –
‘People as Resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. Looking at the population from this productive aspect emphasises its ability to contribute to the creation of the Gross National Product.
Like other resources population also is a resource — a ‘human resource’. This is the positive side of a large population that is often overlooked when we look only at the negative sides.
2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Answer –
- Although human resource also gives return on investment similar to other resources, it is not only different but rather superior to other kinds of resources like land and physical capital.
- This is because human resource can make use of land and capital.
- Not only do the more educated and the healthier people gain through higher incomes, society also gains in other indirect ways.
- A more educated or a healthier population spread to those also who themselves were not directly educated or given health care.
3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Answer –
- A large population can be turned into a productive asset by investment in human capital.
- This, in one way, can be done by spending resources on education and for all, training of industrial and agricultural workers in the use of modern technology, useful scientific researches and so on.
- The educated people not only gain through higher incomes, but also contribute to the society as they spread out.
- Highly educated or better trained persons lead to a more productive workforce which contributes to the Gross National Product.
4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer –
- The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness.
- An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation indeed; health is an indispensable basis for realising one’s wellbeing.
- A population with accessibility of health care, family welfare and nutritional service ends up with higher life expectancy and low infant mortality rates.
- These factors add up to an efficient, productive and reliable workforce for the economy.
5. What part does health play in the individual’s working life?
Answer –
- Health plays a crucial role in an individual’s working life.
- A person can only educate or train himself, or work and contribute to the economy and society if he or she is perfectly healthy.
- Healthy individuals are productive and efficient and lead to growth in their work fields.
- Health is simply a fundamental requirement for a human being to function and hence, it is extremely necessary and quite urgent to provide healthcare and nourishment to the population.
6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
Answer –
Primary sector – agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining, and quarrying.
Secondary sector – manufacturing.
Tertiary sector – Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance etc.
7. Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer –
- Due to historical and cultural reasons there is a division of labour between men and women in the family. Women generally look after domestic chores and men work in the fields.
- Their earning like that of their male counterpart is determined on the basis of education and skill.
- Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. A majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation.
- Hence, women are paid low compared to men.
8. Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?
Answer –
I would consider human capital the best as it is the unique kind of capital that can utilize, or add value to all other different kinds of capitals such as land, labour, physical and working capitals.
There have been instances in history wherein nations with virtually no natural resources have developed themselves immensely through development of human capital.
Human capital gives extraordinary returns on investments made through education, training, healthcare, etc.
Long Answer Type (5 Marks Each)
1. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer –
Seasonal unemployment– Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such kind of problem. There are certain busy seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing is done. Certain months do not provide much work to the people dependant on agriculture.
Disguised unemployment – In case of disguised unemployment people appear to be employed. They have agricultural plot where they find work. This usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity. More number of people do the work which requires the service of a lesser number of people, who do not even add to the productivity of the entire workforce.
2. Describe some measures in the education system that have been taken to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?
Answer –
- Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of six to fourteen years by 2010
- It is a timebound initiative of the central government, in partnership with the states, the local government and the community for achieving the goal of universalisation of elementary education.
- Along with it, bridge courses and back-to-school camps have been initiated to increase the enrollment in elementary education.
- Mid-day meal scheme has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status
- These policies could add to the literate population of India. The literacy rates have increased from 18% in 1951 to 74% in 2010-11.