Andhra Pradesh TET Syllabus 2021
APTET Syllabus 2021 – Check out the Syllabus of Andhra Pradesh TET 2021. Government of Andhra Pradesh conducts a entrance exam for Teachers. TET is mandatory for getting teaching jobs in Government schools from Class 1 to Class 8. States and Central Government conduct Teacher Eligibility Test and Paper 1 is meant for teachers opting for Class 1 to Class 5 and Paper 2 for Class 6 to Class 8.As the Indian Government wanted to improve the standards of Teaching in the Government Schools, TET was introduced. It was held for the first time in 2011.[3] For teachers already working, they are supposed to clear the exam in two years time. The Syllabus for Andhra Pradesh TET Exam is given below
Syllabus of Andhra Pradesh TET 2021
I. CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND PEDAGOGY (Marks: 30)
1. Development of Child
· Development, Growth & Maturation -Concept & Nature
· Principles of development and their education implication
· Factors influencing Development -Biological, Psychological, Sociological,emotional
· Dimensions of Development and their interrelationships -Physical & Motor,Cognitive, Emotional, Social, Moral, Language relating to Infancy, early
· Childhood, late Child hood, Adolescence.
· Understanding Development -Piaget, Kohlberg, Chomsky, Carl Rogers, Erikson
· Individual differences -Infra & Inter Individual differences in the areas of Attitudes,
· Aptitude, Interest, Habits, Intelligence and their Assessment
· Development of Personality -Concept, Factors effecting development ofpersonality, self-concept
· Adjustment, Behavioural problems, Mental Health, Defense mechanism
· Methods and Approaches of Child Development -Introspection, Observation,
· Interview, Case study, Experimental, Cross sectional and Longitudinal
· Developmental tasks and Hazards
2. Understanding Learning
· Concept, Nature of Learning -input -process -outcome
· Factors of Learning -Personal and EnvironmentalApproaches to
· Learning and their applicability- Behaviourism (Skinner, Pavlov,
· Thorndike), Constructivism (Piaget, Vygotsky), Gestalt(Kohler, Koffka)and Observational (Bandura)
· Dimensions of Learning -Cognitive, Affective and Performance
· Motivation and Sustenance – its role in learning.
· Memory & Forgetting
· Transfer of Learning
3. Pedagogical Concerns
· Teaching and its relationship with learning and learner Learners in Contexts:
· Situating learner in the socio-political and cultural context – Children from diversecontexts- Children With Special Needs (CWSN), Inclusive Education
· Understanding of pedagogic methods -Enquiry based learning, Project basedlearning, Survey, Observation and Activity based learning, Cooperative andcollaborative learning
· Individual and Group learning: Issues and concerns with respect toorganizing learning in class room like Study habits, Self learningand Learning to learn skills
· Organizing learning in heterogeneous class room groups -Socio-economicbackground, Abilities and Interest
· Paradigms of organizing Learning-Teacher centric, Subject centric and Learnercentric Theory of instruction – Bruner
· Teaching as Planned activity -Elements of Planning
· Phases of Teaching -Pre active, Interactive and Post active
· General and Subject related skills, competencies required in teaching and attributesof good facilitator
· Learning resources -Self, Home, School, Community, Technology
· Class room Management: Role of student, teacher, Leadership style of teacher,
· Creation of nonthreatening learning environment, Managing behaviour problems,
· Guidance & Counselling, Punishment and its legal implications, Rights of a child,Time Management.
· Distinction between Assessment for Learning & Assessment ofLearning, School based Assessment, Continuous & Comprehensive
· Evaluation: Perspective & Practice
· Understanding teaching & learning in the context of NCF, 2005 & Right ToEducation Act, 2009.
III. Language – II English (Content and Methodology) (Marks: 30)
Content (Marks: 24)
(1) Parts of Speech
(2) Tenses
(3) Active voice & Passive voice
(4) Prepositions and Articles
(5) Degrees of comparison
(6) Clauses
(7) Verbs -Main Verbs -Auxiliary Verbs – Presale Verbs
(8) Adverbs -Types of Adverbs
(9) Conjunction -coordinating conjunction -subordinating conjunction.
(10) Direct and Indirect speech
(11) Questions and question tags
(12) Types of sentences -simple, compound and complex -synthesis of sentences
(13) Phrases -uses of phrases.
(14) Composition -letter writing – précis writing
(15) Reading Comprehension
(16) Vocabulary -Antonyms, Synonyms and Spellings.
(17) Correction of Sentences
Methodology(Marks: 06)
1. Aspects of English: (a) English language -History, nature, importance, principles of English as second language. (b) Problems of teaching / learning English.
2. Objectives of teaching English.
3. Development of Language skills:
(a) Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing (LSRW).
(b) Communicative skills -Imparting values through Communication.
4. Approaches, Methods, Techniques of teaching English:(a) Introduction,definition & types of Approaches, Methods &Techniques of teaching English
(b) Remedial teaching.
5. Teaching learning materials in English.
6. Lesson Planning.
7. Curriculum & Textbooks -Importance and its need.
8. Evaluation in English language.
IV. MATHEMATICS (Marks: 30)
CONTENT (Marks: 24)
1. Number system: Natural Numbers, Whole numbers, Integers, Rationalnumbers place value, comparison, fundamental mathematical operations;Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division, Indian Currency, Prime andComposite numbers, Prime factors, Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) andGreatest Common Divisor (GCD), Square, Square root, Cube, Cube roots ofnumbers, Pythagorean triplets,
2. Fractions: Concept of fractions, proper fractions, improper fractions,mixed fractions, decimal fractions, comparison, addition, subtraction,multiplication, division of fractions and decimal fractions. Use of fractions indaily life. Rational Numbers; definition, four fundamental operations;properties of numbers (N, W, Z and Q), Representation of N,W,Z and Q onnumber line, Terminating and Non-Terminating Decimals (Recurring andNon – Recurring).
3. Arithmetic: Unitary method, Averages, Ratio & Proportion, Percentages, Profitand Loss, discount, simple interest, compound interest, Direct and Indirectproportion, Time and Work, Time and Distance, Tax (VAT).
4. Geometry: Basic ideas of geometry (2D & 3D shapes), types of angles,construction and measurement of lines and angles, Triangles, types oftriangles, Properties of Triangles, Congruence, Criteria of congruencies oftriangles (SAS, SSS, ASA, RHS), Quadrilaterals, types of quadrilaterals,construction of triangles and quadrilaterals, Patterns with geometrical shapes,Representing 3D Shapes in 2D Shapes, Euler’s relation, Properties ofParallelogram, Trapezium, Rhombus, Rectangle, Square and Kite, Concept ofCircles, Symmetry, Reflection and Rotation, Line of symmetry.
5. Measurements: Length, Area, Weight, Capacity, Time and their StandardUnits, Surface Area and volume of a cube and a cuboids, Perimeter and area oftriangle, quadrilateral, parallelogram, rectangle, Rhombus, Square andTrapezium. Circumference & Area of a circle, Area of Circular path, PolygonsArea of sector in a circle.
6. Data Applications: Introduction to Data, Data Presentation, Preparation ofFrequency distribution table, Bar Graph, Pictograph, Histogram, Mean, Medianand Mode of ungrouped data, Cumulative Frequency Distribution Table,Frequency Polygon, Frequency Curve and Cumulative Frequency Curves.
7. Algebra: Introduction to Algebra, Basic terminology – Constant, Variable,Expression, Polynomial, Identity and equations, solving linear equation in onevariable, Exponents and Powers.
Methodology (Marks: 06)
1. Meaning, Nature and Definitions of Mathematics
2. Correlation with other school subjects and daily life.
3. Aims, values and instructional objectives of teaching Mathematics, AcademicStandards
4. Child Centered and Activity Based Approaches in Teaching Mathematics
5. Methods of Teaching & Remedial measures in Mathematics
6. Instructional Material, TLM and Resource Utilization in Mathematics
7. Curriculum, Text Book & Instructional Planning
8. Evaluation and tools of evaluation and Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation
V. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES (Marks:30)
CONTENT (Marks: 24)
1. My Family – My Family – Family tree, migration, changing structures of family -nuclear and joint families, festivals.
2. Work & Play – Occupations, Child labor, Games – Local, National andInternational, Marshal Arts, Effects of games on respiration and breathing, fairs,Circus.
3. Plants and Animals-Plants & animals in our surroundings, Plant & Animalproducts, parts of a plant, photosynthesis, parts of a flower, pollination, fertilization,fruits, seeds. Wild & cultivated plants, wild & domestic animals their food,arrangement of teeth in animals.
4. Our Food – Different types of food, storage of grains and vegetables, storage offood, Food -animal husbandry, Nutrients of food, deficiency diseases.
5. Shelter – Need, different types of houses, electrical appliances – their use, social lifein ants and honey bees, Animals shelter – variation.
6. Air – Importance of air, composition of air, atmospheric pressure, diseases spreadthrough air and their prevention, air pollution – causes, its impact, and measures toprevent, Green House effect.
7. Energy – Renewable, Non-renewable, Future Energy.
8. Water – Importance, water resources, tanks, aquatic flora and fauna, measurementof liquids, Water pollution – causes, impact, measures to prevent, purification ofwater, drought, floods.
9. Our Body – Health – Cleanliness – External, Internal parts of our body, Bones,Muscles, Sense organs, Digestion, Respiration, Nervous system, Excretory system,Circulatory system, First Aid.
10. Mapping – Direction, Mandal, District, State, India
11. History and culture of India – Evolution of Man, Pre-historic period, Indian cultureand Heritage, Civilization, Medieval period culture, Ancient monuments, Religiousmovements: Jainism, Buddhism, Bhakti movement, Great personalities, Indianfreedom movement, Modern India.
12. Our country (India) – Location, Area, Physical features, ClimateNaturalresources, Continents and Oceans, Historical places in India, Population.
13. Our State – Culture, State Government, Gram Panchayat, Mandal Parishad,Municipality, Municipal Corporation, Local Emergency services, our state symbols,Livelihood, Civilization – Impact of rivers.
14. Indian constitution – Preamble, Major concepts, Fundamental rights, Fundamentalduties, Child Rights
15. Safety & Security – Earth Quakes, Floods, Fire, First Aid, 108, 104 Vehicles
Pedagogy (Marks: 6)
1. Concept and scope of Environmental Studies (Science & Social Studies)
2. Aims & Objectives of teaching Environmental Studies (Science & Social Studies)Academic Standards of Teaching EVS
3. Relation to Science and Social Studies
4. Curriculum and its transactional process – Teaching Methodology
5. Teaching Learning Material (TLM)
6. Evaluation procedures – CCE.
Teacher Eligibility Test 2021
PAPER-II Syllabus
I. CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND PEDAGOGY (Marks: 30)
1. DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD
· Development, Growth & Maturation -Concept & Nature
· Principles of development and their education implication
· Factors influencing Development -Biological, Psychological, Sociological,emotional.
· Dimensions of Development and their interrelationships -Physical & Motor,Cognitive, Emotional, Social, Moral, Language relating to Infancy, earlyChildhood, late Child hood, dolescence.
· Understanding Development -Piaget, Kohlberg, Chomsky, Carl Rogers, Erikson
· Individual differences -Infra & Inter Individual differences in the areas of Attitudes,Aptitude, Interest, Habits, Intelligence and their Assessment.
· Development of Personality -Concept, Factors effecting development of personality, self concept
· Adjustment, Behavioural problems, Mental Health, Defense mechanism.
· Methods and Approaches of Child Development -Introspection, Observation,Interview, Case study, Experimental, Cross sectional and Longitudinal
· Developmental tasks and Hazards
2. Understanding Learning
· Concept, Nature of Learning -input -process -outcome
· Factors of Learning -Personal and Environmental
· Approaches to Learning and their applicability- Behaviourism (Skinner, Pavlov,
· Thorndike) Constructivism (Piaget, Vygotsky), Gestalt(Kohler, Koffka) andObservational (Bandura)
· Dimensions of Learning -Cognitive, Affective and Performance.
· Motivation and Sustenance – its role in learning.
· Memory & Forgetting
· Transfer of Learning
3. Pedagogical Concerns
· Teaching and its relationship with learning and learner.
· Learners in Contexts: Situating learner in the socio-political and cultural context
· Children from diverse contexts- Children With Special Needs (CWSN), InclusiveEducation.
· Understanding of pedagogic methods -Enquiry based learning, Project based learning,
· Survey, Observation and Activity based learning, Cooperative and collaborativelearning.
· Individual and Group learning: Issues and concerns with respect to organizinglearning in class room like Study habits, Self learning and Learning to learn skills.
· Organizing learning in heterogeneous class room groups -Socio-economicbackground, Abilities and Interest.
· Paradigms of organizing Learning-Teacher centric, Subject centric and Learnercentric.
· Theory of instruction – Bruner
· Teaching as Planned activity -Elements of Planning
· Phases of Teaching -Pre active, Interactive and Post active
· General and Subject related skills, competencies required in teaching and attributes of good facilitator.
· Learning resources -Self, Home, School, Community, Technology.
· Class room Management: Role of student, teacher, Leadership style of teacher,
· Creation of non threatening learning environment, Managing behaviour problems,
· Guidance & Counselling, Punishment and its legal implications, Rights of a child,Time Management.
· Distinction between Assessment for Learning & Assessment of Learning, School based Assessment, Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation: Perspective & Practice.
· Understanding teaching & learning in the context of NCF, 2005 & Right to Education Act, 2009.
III. Language -II English (Content and Methodology) (Marks: 30)
Content (Marks: 24)
(1) Parts of Speech
(2) Tenses
(3) Active voice & Passive voice
(4) Prepositions and Articles
(5) Degrees of comparison
(6) Clauses
(7) Verbs -Main Verbs -Auxiliary Verbs – Presale Verbs
(8) Adverbs -Types of Adverbs
(9) Conjunction -coordinating conjunction -subordinating conjunction.
(10) Direct and Indirect speech
(11) Questions and question tags
(12) Types of sentences -simple, compound and complex -synthesis of sentences
(13) Phrases -uses of phrases.
(14) Composition -letter writing – précis writing
(15) Reading Comprehension
(16) Vocabulary -Antonyms, Synonyms and Spellings.
(17) Correction of Sentences.
(18) Idiomatic Expression.
(19) Sequencing of the Sentences in paragraph.
Methodology(Marks: 06)
1. Aspects of English:- (a) English language -History, nature, importance, principles of
English as second language. (b) Problems of teaching / learning English.
2. Objectives of teaching English.
3. Phonetics / Transcription.
4. Development of Language skills:-
(a) Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing (LSRW).
(b) Communicative skills -Imparting values through Communication.
5. Approaches, Methods, Techniques of teaching English:- (a) Introduction,definition & types of Approaches, Methods &Techniques of teaching English
(b) Remedial teaching.
6. Teaching learning materials in English.
7. Lesson Planning.
8. Curriculum & Textbooks -Importance and its need.
9. Evaluation in English language.
IV. MATHEMATICS & SCIENCE (Marks: 60)
a. MATHEMATICS (30 MARKS)
CONTENT (Marks: 24)
1. Number System – Prime and Composite Numbers, Tests of divisibility, wholenumbers, integers, fractions, decimal fractions, L.C.M. and G.C.D. rational numbersand irrational numbers. Properties of numbers, Real numbers; laws of exponents,squares, square roots, cubes, cube roots, finding missing number represented asalphabets in sums involving array of four operations, number patterns, numberpuzzles, Euclid division lemma, concept of logarithms.
2. Arithmetic – Ratio and proportion, simple interest, compound interest, Time anddistance, Discount, tax, time and work, profit and loss
3. Algebra -Introduction to Algebra, expressions, exponents and powers, Factorizationspecial products and expansions, linear equations and their graphs, polynomials,Quadratic equations and its applications, concept of progressions, progressions (APand GP).nth term and sum of the first n terms in AP, nth term of GP.
4. Sets – Concept of set, set language, empty set, finite and infinite sets, subset andequality of sets, cardinal number of set, set operations, representation of sets, Venndiagrams and their properties.
5. Geometry – History of Geometry, Contribution of India in the Development ofGeometry, Euclid Geometry, Lines and Angles, Similar Triangles, Pythagorastheorem, congruency of triangles, Properties of Circles, Triangles, Quadrilaterals andpolygons, Parts of Circle: Construction of Circle, Triangles and Quadrilaterals,Circles and concurrent lines in triangles, symmetry.
6. Co-ordinate Geometry- Co-ordinates of a point, plotting of points, representing oflinear equations in two variables (of the form ax+by+c=0, ) in the Cartesiancoordination system). Linear equations with 2 variables, slope of a line, distancebetween two points in a plane, section formula, Area of a triangle, collinearity ofpoints in a co-ordinate plane, centroid of a triangle.
7. Menstruation – Perimeter and Area of a Square and Rectangle. Area of Triangle,Circle, Ring and Quadrilaterals. Surface area and volume of Cube, Cuboid, Lateral& total Surface area and volume of a cylinder, cone, sphere and hemisphere,conversion of one solid to another shape, surface area and volume of combination ofsolids.
8. Data Handling(Statics and Probability) – Collection and Classification of Data,Frequency distribution table, Tally marks, Bar graph, Pictograph and Pie diagrams,mean, median and mode for un-grouped and grouped data, cumulative frequencytable and ogive curves, concept of probability, simple problems (day to day lifesituation) on single events, concept of complementary events.
9. Trigonometry – Introduction of Trigonometry, Relationship between ratios, valuesof trigonometric ratios, (0o, 30o, 45o, 60o and 90o) Trigonometric identities,trigonometric ratios of complementary angles, applications of trigonometry, Angleof elevation and depression, simple problems.
PEDAGOGY (Marks: 06)
1. Definition and Nature of Mathematics, History of Mathematics.
2. Aims, values , instructional objectives of teaching Mathematics andAcademic Standards
3. Methods of Teaching Mathematics
4. Instructional material in Mathematics – TLM in Mathematics, Use of ICT inteaching Mathematics
5. Instructional Planning
6. Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) – Formative Assessment,Summative Assessment -Processes and procedures
7. Designing, Administration, Analysis of scholastic Achievement Test (SAT)
8. Diagnostic and Remedial Teaching
9. The Mathematics Teacher
10.Resource Utilization
11.Curriculum and Text Book
IV(b)Science
CONTENT
(Marks: 24)
1. Natural Resources – Air, Water: Water pollution, Harnessing of water, States ofwater, Hardness of water, water pressure Air pollution, Atmospheric Pressure, Airpressure, Archimedes’ principle, Pascal’s law, Bernoulli’s Principle, Hydrometer,Barometer. – Laws of floatation, Specific gravity, Surface tension, FluidMechanics.
2. Our Universe: Solar eclipse – lunar eclipse – Constellation – Zodiac, Space travel;Solar system, Satellites, stars, comets; Earth.
3. Natural Phenomenon:
Light: How can we see objects – shadows – Reflection of light – laws of reflection -plane mirrors and images – Virtual image, real image, pinhole camera, periscope,kaleidoscope – spherical mirrors and images -Fermat’s Principal – Applications ofreflection of light – Refraction of light – laws of refraction – refractive index, Snell’slaw – total internal reflection and its applications – refraction through glass prismsand slabs -refraction at curved surfaces and through lenses – images formed bylenses and ray diagrams – construction of human eye – least distinct vision – defectsof vision-formation of rainbow- dispersion of light.
Sound: Sources of sound, Production and propagation of sound – construction ofhuman ear and its working – Properties of sound – auditable range – Sound Pollution,Sound Waves, Kinds of Sound Waves, characteristics of sound waves – reflection ofsound – echo – uses of ultrasonic sounds – Musical instruments.
Heat: Concept of heat and temperature – thermal equilibrium – Measurement ofTemperature – Types of Thermometers – specific heat and its applications in dailylife – methods of mixtures – evaporation -condensation – boiling point – meltingpoint.
4. Mechanics – Kinematics, Dynamics: Concept of motion and rest.
– Types of Motion; Speed, Velocity, Acceleration, Newton’s Laws of Motion, force -types of force – resultant force – Friction – types of friction – factors influencing thefriction – fluid friction – gravitation – Newton’s law of gravitation – centre of gravityand stability. Work and energy – types of energy – conservation of energy.
5. Magnetism and Electricity:
Magnetism: Natural Magnets and Artificial Magnets, properties of Magnets, usesmagnets – methods of magnetization – Magnetic Induction – magnetic field -Magnetic lines of force.
Electricity: Electric Circuit – Primary Cells – conductors and insulators – electriccharge – electric field – electric potential – potential difference – EMF – Ohm’s law -electric current – electric power – magnetic effects of electric current -solenoid -Fleming’s left hand rule – electric motor – electromagnetic induction – electricgenerator – electrical conductivity of liquids – electro plating – Faraday’s laws ofelectrolysis.
6. Matter around us: States of matter – properties of matter – substances and mixtures -methods of separation of mixtures – fibers – types of fibers, plastics – types ofplastics – use of plastics and environment. Acids, bases and salts – neutralization -metals and non metals – physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals -Coal and petroleum – combustion and fuels – types of combustion – temperature ofcombustion – calorific value.
7. Laws of Chemical Combination and Chemical Calculations: Physical change,chemical change Laws of chemical combination, chemical reactions andcalculations. Types of chemical reactions.
8. Atomic Structure: Atoms and molecules – elements – atomicity – Dalton’s atomictheory Ions – atomic mass – valency – molecular mass – concept of mole – molar massThomson model of atom, Rutherford model of atom – Bohr’s model of atom – atomicnumber – Isotopes – quantum numbers – electronic configuration.
9. Periodic classification and chemical bonding:Dobenier triads – Newlands law ofoctave – Mendaliev’s periodic table – long form of periodic table – changes ofproperties of elements in groups and periods. Chemical Bond – ionic bond – covalentbond – shapes of molecules – electron valency theory -properties of ionic andcovalent substances.
10. Metallurgy:Extraction of metals and steps – reactivity of metals and its role inextraction of metals -various methods of extraction of metals.
11. Biology: Its importance in everyday life theories of Classification, theories ofEvaluations.
12. Living World – Characteristics: Classification of Plants and Animals and theircharacteristics.
a) Cell: Concept, Cell theory, differences between Plant cell and Animal cell,Cell divisions, Cell organelles.
b) Tissues – Animal tissues, plant tissues.
13. Plant World – Types of plants:
Parts of a plant – their functions, seed dispersal, fibers from plants. Reproduction -Asexual, Sexual, Vegetative propagation, Nutrition, Photosynthesis, Excretion,Respiration, Economic importance of plants.
Economic importance of Plants, Agriculture, Crop diseases & pest control measure.
14. Animal World: Organ systems and their functions including man, Life processesDigestive system, Respiratory system, Circulatory system, Excretory system,Nervous system, Endocrine system, Skelton system, Reproductive system, Senseorgans in man, Nutrition Deficiency diseases in man, First Aid, HIV/ AIDS, animalbehaviour Economic importance of Animals, Animal husbandry, Pisciculture,Sericulture, Epiculture, Challenges in Argiculture.
15. Microbes: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoan -useful and harmful microbes,microbialdiseases in plants & animals.
16. Our Environment: Biotic & Abiotic factors, Natural resources, Biodiversity,different eco systems, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, carbon cycle,nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle.
17. Recent trends in Biology:Hybridization, Genetic engineering, Gene banks, Genetherapy, Tissue culture
PEDAGOGY (Marks: 06)
1. Definition, Nature, Structure and History of Science
2. Aims, Values, Instructional Objectives of teaching Science and AcademicStandards in Science
3. Methods of Teaching Science
4. Teaching Learning Material in Teaching of Science – TLM in Science – Use ofICT.
5. Instructional Planning
6. Science Laboratory
7. Science Teacher – Changing Roles
8. Science Curriculum and its transaction, NCF-2005, SCF-2011
9. Science Textbooks.
10. Evaluation – CCE – Formative Assessment, Summative Assessment – Designingand Administration- Analysis of Scholastic Achievement Test (SAT)
IV b. SOCIAL STUDIES (Marks: 60)
CONTENT (Marks 48)
I. DIVERSITY ON THE EARTH
1. Reading and understating of Maps – scale – cardinal points – types of maps -evolution of maps – conventional signs – contour lines
2. Globe – oceans and continents – latitudes and longitudes – origin of earth – realmsof the earth (lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere) – landforms -movements of the earth and its effect -seasons – interior of the earth
3. Solar Energy – insolation – temperature and its measuring – terrestrial radiation -polar regions
4. Elements of climate – types of rainfall.
5. Europe, Africa – location – physical features – climate – forests and wild life -population – agriculture -minerals – industries – transportation – trade, exports andimports.
6. Geography of India and Andhra Pradesh – physical features – rivers and otherwater sources – seasons -forests – climate and its factors affecting – floods anddroughts – forests – soils -electricity – agriculture – mineral wealth – industries -population, literacy rate – density of population -settlements and migration -transportation.
7. Disaster management – types of disasters – drought – accident related – threat ofterrorism – human induced disasters.
II. PRODUCTION – EXCHANGE AND LIVELIHOODS
1. Livelihood of earliest people – sites in Andhra Pradesh – domestication – settledlife Agriculture – types of farming – crop seasons – problems of agriculture andagricultural labourers and small farmers -contract farming – agriculture inAndhra Pradesh – trade and marketing – Self Help Groups – agricultural marketsyards – Minimum Support Price – land holdings – phases in agriculturaldevelopment – green revolution – organic farming.
2. Production – handicrafts and handlooms – cooperative societies and their role -industrial revolution -sources of energy – trade in industrial products -urbanization and slums – production in a paper factory – process of making paper- transport system in Andhra Pradesh – employment in transport -congestion andpollution.
3. Industries – factors of location – agro based and mineral based industries -automobile industries and IT – phases in industrial development – Industrialpolicies – growth in production – environmental problems.
4. Service Activities – categories – importance – challenges.
5. Money and Banking – Barter System – exchange with money – evolution ofmoney – emergence of banks – commercial banking – types of deposits – Chequesand Demand Drafts – loans – Internet Banking – credit in the financial system -financial literacy.
6. Prices and Cost of Living – price’s effect on people – inflation – consumer priceindex – regulation of prices – government budget and taxation – VAT.
7. Production and Employment – sectors of the economy – National Income (GDP)- Percapita Income -HDI – employment – organized and unorganized sectors -impact of technology on three sectors of the economy.
8. Public Health and Government – health care services – public and private healthinsurance.
9. Globalization – flows in economic exchange – MNCs – Foreign trade – factorsenabling globalization -WTO, IMF impact.
10. Food Security and Nutritional Status of India – PDS – sustainable developmentmeaning – sustainable development with equity.
III. POLITICAL SYSTEMS AND GOVERNANCE
1. Tribal Panchayat system – present local body system (Gram Panchayat, MandalParishad and Zilla Parishad) & Urban Governments – formation and functions.
2. Emergence of kingdoms and republics – first empires – Mouryas – Rajputs -Rastrakutas – Cholas -Deccan kingdoms – Satavahana – Kushants – Guptas.
3. Regional Kingdoms :Kakatiyas – Vijayanagara Empires – Qutubshahis.
4. Moghals – Asafjahis – British Empire – landlords and tenants under the Britishand Nizams and Moghals.
5. National Movement in India – Muslim League – partition and migration -merging of princely states.
6. Making of laws and implementation of laws – Assembly – Council andParliament – Election process.
7. Indian Constitution – formation – features and preamble – Justice – Rule of Law -Judicial System – civil and criminal laws – levels of courts.
8. Changing cultural traditions in Europe 1300-1800 – renaissance – reformation -modern science.
9. Democratic and National Movements – England, American and Frenchrevolutions – unification of Germany and Italy. Expansion of Democracy inMyanmar and Libya – Civil Liberties.
10.Industrialization and social change – Britain, Germany and France – movementsof women, workers (Socialism).
11.Colonialism in Latin America, Asia and Africa – impact on India and otherregional movements.
12.World Wars I and II – reasons -Treaty of Versailles – League of NationsHolocaust – Nazism – Facism, consequences – Great depression.
13.National Liberation Movements in China, Vietnam and Nigeria
14.Post War World and India – UNO – NAM – west Asian conflicts – peacemovements and collapse of USSR.
15.Independent India – first general elections – SRC – Relation with neighboringcountries – regional agitations and formation of parties – coalition governments -Emergency period – Mandal commission -economic liberalism.
16.Traffic Education – traffic signals – signs – necessarydocuments.
IV. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND INEQUITIES
1. Diversity in India – gender inequalities – sex ratio – employment – status ofwomen and their work with wages – women protection acts.
2. Caste discriminations – reformers initiations.
3. Abolition of Zamindari System – Rural poverty at the time of independence -Land ceiling – Bhoodan Movement.
4. Poverty – distress in rural areas – poverty as chronic hunger – food inequality -elimination of poverty – access to affordable food – the right to life
5. Human Rights and Fundamental Rights – Right to Information – Right toEducation – Lok Adalat.
6. Social Movements – Civil Rights movement in USA – Green Peace movements -Bhopal gas disaster -NBM – meriapaibi – Human Rights Movement in USSR.
V. RELIGION AND SOCIETY
1. Religion and society in early times – Indus Valley Civilization – Vedas -Hinduism, Buddism, Jainism, Christionity, Islam and sufisim, Bhakti movement,new religious developments in India.
2. Folk – religion – communal worship of folk deities. The antiquity of folktraditions – inter mixing of village deities and high religious traditions
3. Social and Religious Reforms Movement – Christian Missionaries and OrientalScholars – Religious Movements of Bengal and Punjab – Reform and Educationamong Muslims – Women and Dalits in freedom movements.
4. Understanding Secularism.
VI. CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION
1. Indian Heritage and Culture – Historical sites
2. Language, writing and script – Vedas – epics – jataka stories – sangam literature inTamil.
3. Culture and Buildings – Harappan cities – Buddhist Stupas and Viharas – rockcutchaityas.
4. Rulers and Buildings – Engineering skills and construction (temples, mosques,tombs, forts and tanks) destruction of temples – imperial style of Vijayanagaraperiod.
5. Performing arts – Film and Print Media – Evolution of cinema – influence offilms on the society – role of newspapers in cultural awakening and freedommovement.
6. Influence of sports on Nationalism and Economic Development of the Nation.
7. Role of print Media in Cultural Awadning
PEDAGOGY (Marks: 12)
1. Aims and objectives of learning Social Sciences- values through Social Sciences – learning objectives and illustrations – learningobjectives in constructivist approach – Academic Standards
2. School curriculum and resources in Social Sciences-NCF-2005, RTE-2009, SCF-2011 – syllabus – Learning Resources.
3. Social Sciences as on integrating area of study: Context and concerns- Distinguishing between Natural and Social Sciences – Social Studies andvarious Social Sciences -contributions of some eminent Social Scientists
4. Approaches and strategies for learning Social Sciences- collaborative learning approach – 5E learning model – problem solvingapproach – planning -concept mapping
5. Community Resources and Social Sciences Laboratory
6. Tools and techniques of assessment for learning: Social Sciences
7. Evaluation – CCE – assessment framework – assessment learning of students withspecial need.